What Happened This Year 1881

Historical Events from This Year 1881 (View all 34)

Science & Technology

Edison and Bell Establish Oriental Telephone Company

January 25th, 1881 144 years ago

Thomas Edison and Alexander Graham Bell joined forces to create the Oriental Telephone Company in 1881. This partnership was aimed at introducing and expanding telephone technology in the Asian market, showcasing their innovative ideas and expertise. Their collaboration demonstrated a commitment to advancing communication technology on a global scale. By pooling their resources and knowledge, they sought to enhance the existing telephone systems and provide improved services to customers.

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Crime & Law

Sentences of Chiloé Warlock Trial Issued

February 2nd, 1881 144 years ago

In 1881, sentences were pronounced against individuals accused of witchcraft in Chiloé, an archipelago in southern Chile. This trial was part of a broader series of events marked by widespread fear of witchcraft and superstition in the region, leading to numerous allegations and trials. Authorities prosecuted these so-called warlocks under accusations of practicing dark magic and harmful sorcery. The trials attracted attention both locally and nationally, raising questions about justice and the influence of folklore on legal proceedings.

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Transportation & Infrastructure

Incorporation of the Canadian Pacific Railway

February 16th, 1881 144 years ago

The Canadian Pacific Railway was incorporated by an Act of Parliament in Ottawa, aimed at uniting Canada from coast to coast. This significant transportation project was essential for the development and economic growth of Canada, facilitating movement across vast distances and promoting trade. The government recognized the need for a reliable rail system to connect the provinces and enhance settlement in the West. This incorporation marked the beginning of a transformative era in Canadian transportation and infrastructure.

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Arts & Culture

Cleopatra's Needle Arrives in New York City

February 22nd, 1881 144 years ago

Cleopatra's Needle, a 3,500-year-old obelisk, was erected in Central Park, New York City. This ancient monument originally stood in Heliopolis, Egypt, and was gifted by the Khedive of Egypt, Ismail Pasha, to the United States. The 68-foot tall granite obelisk, weighing 224 tons, was transported across the Atlantic Ocean and then transported overland to Central Park. The installation ceremony involved notable figures, showcasing its significance as a key attraction for both locals and visitors alike.

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Politics & Government

Sino-Russian Ili Treaty Established Territorial Boundaries

February 24th, 1881 144 years ago

The Sino-Russian Ili Treaty was signed to resolve territorial disputes between China and Russia. This treaty formalized the borders in the Ili River region, which had been a point of contention in previous years. Negotiations took place after the Russian Empire gained control over parts of the territory during conflicts. The agreement aimed to pacify tensions and solidify Russia's influence in Central Asia while respecting China's sovereignty over the disputed areas.

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Military & Warfare

Decisive Clash at Majuba Hill

February 27th, 1881 144 years ago

The Battle of Majuba Hill was fought between British troops and Boer forces in the First Boer War. Located near Johannesburg, the British aimed to regain control over the region. Despite their advanced weaponry, they faced skilled Boer marksmen. The battle resulted in a significant defeat for the British, which altered the course of the war.

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Born in 1881 (View all 186)

Wilhelm Lehmbruck

German sculptor with notable sculptures
Born
January 4th, 1881 144 years ago
Died
1919 106 years ago — 38 years old

A prominent German sculptor contributed significantly to expressionist sculpture. Classroom education began at the Arts and Crafts School in Düsseldorf. Later, studied at the Academy of Fine Arts in Berlin. Worked in various styles, ultimately creating large-scale sculptures characterized by elongated forms and emotional intensity. Produced notable works, including 'The Dying Athlete' and 'Standing Woman'. Lived in periods marked by political upheaval, which influenced creative expression. Elements of modernism and expressionism can be seen throughout the works.

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Pablo Gargallo

Spanish sculptor of public art pieces
Born
January 5th, 1881 144 years ago
Died
1934 91 years ago — 53 years old

A prominent figure in the early 20th century art scene, contributed significantly to the development of modern sculpture and Cubism. Designed large public sculptures, earning recognition for distinctive bronze and iron works. Explored themes related to human forms and urban landscapes through innovative techniques. Also engaged in painting, creating works that often accompany his sculptures. Spent much of professional life in Barcelona, where many works reside.

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Ion Minulescu

Romanian poet and literary critic
Born
January 6th, 1881 144 years ago
Died
1944 81 years ago — 63 years old

A prominent figure in Romanian literature, contributions spanned poetry, drama, and criticism. Played a significant role in the modernist movement during the early 20th century. Published many collections of poems, including 'Flori de mușcată' and 'Versuri'. Worked as a literary critic, influencing the landscape of Romanian literary criticism. His works often explored themes of love, beauty, and existential angst, showcasing his distinctive style and innovative use of language.

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Linnie Marsh Wolfe

American librarian and author
Born
January 8th, 1881 144 years ago
Died
September 15th, 1945 79 years ago — 64 years old

Contributions included work as a librarian and authorship of numerous novels and children's books. Writings often reflected a deep understanding of literature and showcased various narrative styles. Active in literary circles, engaged with different literary societies and contributed to professional libraries, focusing on improving library services and accessibility. Significant involvement in promoting library science as a field.

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Henrik Shipstead

American politician and dentist
Born
January 8th, 1881 144 years ago
Died
1960 65 years ago — 79 years old

Born in 1881, Shipstead practiced as a dentist before entering politics. Elected as a U.S. Senator from Minnesota, Shipstead served from 1923 to 1941. His tenure was marked by a focus on farmers' rights and support for rural issues. In the Senate, he aligned with progressive causes and opposed certain endorsements of military intervention during his time in office.

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Giovanni Papini

Italian journalist and author of novels
Born
January 9th, 1881 144 years ago
Died
July 8th, 1956 68 years ago — 75 years old

Born in 1881, this individual became a prominent journalist, author, and poet in Italy. Engaged in various literary movements, he contributed extensively to the Italian literary scene. The individual wrote several influential works, including the novel 'The Devil' (1912) and the autobiographical narrative 'Life of Christ' (1921). His writings often explored existential themes and the complexities of human nature. Throughout the career, strong opinions on cultural and political matters were expressed, leading to involvement in various controversies. The contributions enriched Italian literature and journalism, establishing a legacy that continued to be analyzed long after.

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People Who Died in 1881 (View all 65)

Louis Auguste Blanqui

French revolutionary activist and thinker
Born
1805 220 years ago
Died
January 1st, 1881 144 years ago — 76 years old

A prominent figure in the French socialist movement, Blanqui advocated for revolutionary change and worker rights. He participated in several insurrections during the 19th century, including the Paris Commune of 1871. Blanqui emphasized the importance of organized action and was a proponent of a dictatorship of the proletariat to achieve socialism. His writings and theories on revolution influenced numerous socialist thinkers and movements. He spent a considerable portion of his life in imprisonment due to his political activities, which further solidified his revolutionary image.

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Wilhelm Matthias Naeff

Swiss politician and legal expert
Born
1802 223 years ago
Died
January 21st, 1881 144 years ago — 79 years old

Served as a prominent lawyer and politician in Switzerland. Played a significant role in the political landscape during the mid to late 19th century. Contributed to various legal reforms and held influential positions within the Swiss government. Engaged in matters of civil rights and governance, shaping legislative processes in the region.

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James Collinson

English painter of the Pre-Raphaelite Brotherhood
Born
May 9th, 1825 199 years ago
Died
January 24th, 1881 144 years ago — 55 years old

Collinson was a prominent English painter associated with the Pre-Raphaelite Brotherhood, an art movement that sought to reform the artistic standards of their time by returning to the detail, intense colors, and complex compositions of medieval and early Renaissance art. His early works included themes based on literature and religion, often infused with symbolism. Participation in group exhibitions showcased his talent alongside fellow artists. The Pre-Raphaelite Brotherhood's dedication to nature and humanity influenced many of his pieces, leading to landscape and genre paintings characterized by meticulous attention to detail. Later in life, he became more involved with Christian iconography, reflecting a deep spiritual commitment in his art.

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Konstantin Thon

Architect, designer of Kremlin Palace
Born
1794 231 years ago
Died
January 25th, 1881 144 years ago — 87 years old

An architect who contributed significantly to Russian neoclassicism, designed several notable structures in Moscow. Most recognized for the Grand Kremlin Palace, completed in 1851, serving as the official residence of the President of Russia. Designed the Cathedral of Christ the Saviour, a prominent symbol of the Russian Orthodox Church, which was completed in 1883. Worked on various other projects that shaped the architectural landscape of the capital city.

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Arthur O'Shaughnessy

English poet and herpetologist
Born
March 14th, 1844 181 years ago
Died
January 30th, 1881 144 years ago — 36 years old

An English poet and herpetologist contributed significantly to Victorian poetry. Best known for the poem 'Ode', which includes the famous line 'We are the music makers, and we are the dreamers of dreams'. Also wrote a notable collection of poems titled 'Songs of the Open Road'. In addition to poetry, engaged in the study of reptiles and amphibians, publishing important works related to herpetology. His dual interests in literature and science marked a unique blend in his contributions.

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Henry Parker

English-Australian politician; 3rd Premier of NSW
Born
June 1st, 1808 216 years ago
Died
February 2nd, 1881 144 years ago — 72 years old

Served as the 3rd Premier of New South Wales from 1875 to 1877. Contributed to the political landscape during a pivotal time in Australian history. Had a strong focus on issues such as land reform and education. Actively participated in the establishment of various legislative measures to strengthen governance in the region.

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