What Happened This Year 1940
Historical Events from This Year 1940
Siege of Malta Initiated by Italian Air Raids
Italian forces launched a series of air raids on Malta, marking the beginning of a prolonged siege. The attacks, aimed at crippling British defenses, targeted strategic locations on the island. This aggressive military campaign was part of Italy's broader strategy to secure dominance in the Mediterranean region during World War II.
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British and French Troops Surrender at Saint-Valery
Thirteen thousand British and French troops surrendered to Major General Erwin Rommel at Saint-Valery-en-Caux. This was a significant defeat for the Allied forces during the early stages of World War II, marking a strategic win for the German army in France. The surrender followed a prolonged battle and retreat against the advancing German forces, showcasing the effectiveness of Rommel's tactics. Troops experienced critical shortages of resources and were unable to mount a successful defense.
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Soviet Ultimatum Forces Lithuania Into Submission
In June 1940, the Soviet Union issued an ultimatum to Lithuania, compelling the small Baltic state to accept Soviet troops and establish a government under Soviet control. This response followed intense pressure from the USSR to secure control over the Baltic States following the Molotov-Ribbentrop Pact. Faced with overwhelming military threat and political isolation, Lithuania capitulated to the demands of the Soviet regime, leading to the complete loss of its independence.
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First Polish Political Prisoners Arrive at Auschwitz
Seven hundred and twenty-eight Polish political prisoners from Tarnów were transported to Auschwitz concentration camp, marking the beginning of large-scale incarceration at this facility. The prisoners were primarily captured after Poland's invasion by Nazi Germany and were part of a broader effort to suppress Polish intellectual and political leadership. This mass transport of prisoners was one of the first major actions taken at Auschwitz, laying the groundwork for its later notorious role in the Holocaust.
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German Forces Occupy Paris
On June 14, 1940, German soldiers entered Paris, marking the beginning of the city's occupation during World War II. The French government had fled, and the city was largely undefended. In a swift campaign, Germany had outmaneuvered the French forces, leading to their surrender. The occupation imposed strict regulations on the Parisian populace and transformed the cultural landscape.
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Allied Troops Evacuate France Begins
Following Germany's rapid advance and capture of Paris, Allied forces commenced Operation Aerial, a strategic evacuation plan aimed at withdrawing troops from France. This operation symbolized the urgency and desperation faced by the Allies as they sought to regroup and prevent further losses. Coordinated primarily at the ports of Dunkirk and other nearby locations, the evacuation involved naval and civilian vessels to ensure the safety of troops amidst advancing German forces. Operation Aerial was critical for maintaining the morale and military capability of the Allies during a pivotal moment in World War II.
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Lithuania's Shift to a Communist Government
On June 16, 1940, Lithuania's political landscape drastically transformed when it established a Communist government. Following the Soviet ultimatum, the Lithuanian government resigned, opening the door for Soviet influence. The newly formed government began enacting policies aligned with socialist ideologies, marking a significant shift in governance for Lithuania amidst the backdrop of World War II. This transition was part of the larger Soviet campaign to expand its control over the Baltic states.
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Pétain Becomes Chief of State of Vichy France
On June 16, 1940, Marshal Henri Philippe Pétain was appointed as the Chief of State of Vichy France. This followed France's defeat by German forces during World War II, leading to the establishment of an authoritarian regime in the unoccupied zone of France. Pétain, a World War I hero, took this position amid a national crisis as a means to stabilize the country and negotiate peace with Germany. The regime he led would become synonymous with collaborationist policies.
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British 11th Hussars Capture Fort Capuzzo
The British Army's 11th Hussars launched a successful assault on Fort Capuzzo, a strategic location in Libya, held by Italian forces. This military action occurred amidst the early phases of World War II, showcasing the British capability to strike quickly and effectively. The 11th Hussars, equipped with modern warfare tactics, overcame the Italian defenses, marking a significant achievement in the Western Desert Campaign.
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