Samuel Butler
English author and critic of literature
English author and critic of literature
Thinkers & Philosophers
United Kingdom
An English author and critic, contributions spanned multiple genres including fiction and essays. Published notable works such as 'Erewhon' in 1872, which satirized Victorian society and explored themes of evolution and morality. Explored concepts of art and literature through critical essays, influencing thought within these fields. Engaged in debates surrounding Darwinism, applying these ideas within philosophical contexts through writings.
Authored 'Erewhon'
Wrote 'The Way of All Flesh'
Critically analyzed Victorian society
Born in Austria, a painter and sculptor primarily associated with the Vienna School of Fantastic Realism. Hausner's works often explored surreal themes and incorporated elements of dreamlike imagery. The artist contributed significantly to the movement, creating pieces that merged figurative art with imaginative scenes. During his career, Hausner held numerous exhibitions, showcasing his works in various galleries across Europe. His artistic practice also included teaching, influencing a generation of artists in the modernist tradition.
Continue ReadingServed as the 32nd Premier of Victoria from 1927 to 1932. Argyle was a member of the Liberal Party and held various positions within the government prior to his premiership, including roles in the Cabinet. He focused on issues such as education, transport, and public works during his tenure. His leadership period saw challenges related to the Great Depression, impacting state governance and economic conditions.
Continue ReadingContributions to Chinese philosophy encompassed a wide range of topics, focusing on the evolution of philosophical thought in China. Played a significant role in bridging traditional Chinese philosophy with Western philosophical concepts. Authored several influential texts, including 'A History of Chinese Philosophy' which detailed the development of philosophical ideas from ancient times through the modern era. Worked in academic institutions, making notable efforts to promote philosophical education and understanding in China and beyond.
Continue ReadingA prominent South African politician and lawyer, Alexander played a significant role in the political landscape during the early 20th century. He served as a member of the South African Parliament and was known for his advocacy on behalf of the rights of the Indian community in South Africa. Alexander participated in several legal and political initiatives aimed at addressing social injustices faced by marginalized groups. His contributions to the political discourse of the time highlighted critical issues regarding race relations and civil rights in the country.
Continue ReadingAustrian-Swiss poet and author contributed significantly to modernist poetry. Early works included 'The Life of the Virgin Mary', which combined lyrical and religious themes. The 'Duino Elegies' and 'Sonnets to Orpheus' represent major achievements in poetic expression, blending existential themes with deep personal introspection. Rilke's writing often reflected solitude and the search for meaning in life. His correspondence, particularly 'Letters to a Young Poet', remains influential in literary circles, providing guidance and insight into the artistic process and the nature of creativity.
Continue ReadingBorn in 1713 in Italy, a playwright and critic emerged as an influential figure in the world of theater. Contributions to the Commedia dell'arte form were notable, enriching the landscape of Italian drama. Gozzi's work bridged traditional and modern approaches to playwriting, often blending fantasy with social commentary. The theater pieces and writings spurred discussions around theatrical innovation and artistic integrity. Held a position as a critic for various theatrical productions, offering insights that shaped public perception of theater during the 18th century.
Continue ReadingA German astronomer and Jesuit, contributed extensively to the study of sunspots and telescopic observations. Developed the 'camera obscura' and improved astronomical instruments. Published the work 'Rosa Ursina sive Sol,' detailing sunspot observations and theories on planetary motion. Engaged in a notable correspondence with Galileo over the nature of sunspots, which highlighted differing scientific perspectives of the time.
Continue ReadingAn admiral in the Dutch Navy, held significant positions during the Eighty Years' War. Played a crucial role in the naval battles against the Spanish fleet. Captured the Spanish treasure fleet in 1628, which included the legendary haul from the Philippines. His efforts in naval warfare contributed to the rise of Dutch naval power in the 17th century.
Continue ReadingServed as a fighter pilot during World War I, achieving notoriety as one of Germany's first aerial aces. Immelmann engaged in numerous dogfights, demonstrating exceptional skill and bravery in the air. He developed the Immelmann turn, a tactical maneuver for gaining a height advantage over an opponent. His accomplishments contributed significantly to German aviation efforts during the war before his death in 1916.
Continue ReadingA prominent actor with a career spanning several decades, primarily in the Golden Age of Mexican cinema. Gained recognition for performances in films such as 'The Mask of Zorro' and 'The Forgotten Village'. Worked with celebrated directors and actors, becoming a key part of the film industry during the mid-20th century. Faced challenges of typecasting but remained a leading figure in both Mexican and American cinema. His career was marked by memorable roles that showcased both talent and charisma.
Continue ReadingA prominent figure in 18th century German philosophy and jurisprudence, expertise lay in the field of law. Held a position as a judge, contributing to the development of legal thought during this period. Authored notable works that addressed significant philosophical issues and legal principles, influencing both contemporary and future discussions on philosophy and law.
Continue ReadingServed as the 13th President of France from 1924 to 1931. Initially trained as a lawyer, began political career as a member of the French Chamber of Deputies. Held various ministerial positions, including Minister of Finance and Minister of the Interior. Active in promoting social reforms and economic recovery during the challenging post-World War I period. Instrumental in implementing policies that addressed the economic needs of the country during the early 20th century.
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