Historical Events from This Year 1390
Teutonic Knights' Siege of Vilnius Begins
The Teutonic Knights initiated a five-week siege of Vilnius, aiming to capture the city during the Lithuanian Civil War. The conflict arose from internal strife, as factions fought for control. The siege was marked by strategic military maneuvers and attempted negotiations, while the besieged sought to defend their stronghold. This confrontation underscored the ongoing power struggle in the region, highlighting the tensions between the Teutonic Order and the Grand Duchy of Lithuania.
Continue ReadingFirst Witchcraft Trial in Paris
The first recorded trial for witchcraft in Paris resulted in the execution of three individuals accused of practicing sorcery. The trial began amidst rising superstitions and fears surrounding witchcraft in medieval Europe. Local citizens and officials were eager to find scapegoats for misfortunes, fueling the witch hunt atmosphere. The trial proceedings were marked by testimonies from witnesses and confessions reportedly obtained under duress. Following the trial, the three individuals were found guilty and subsequently executed, highlighting the harsh realities of justice at that time.
Continue ReadingBorn in 1390
Humphrey
Born in the early 14th century, a prominent noble in England, served as the Duke of Gloucester. Held significant positions during the reign of King Henry VI, actively engaged in the politics of the Wars of the Roses. Played a critical role in the governance of England, especially regarding issues related to the royal succession. His political influence and measures taken during his lifetime shaped the noble landscape of the era. Died in 1447, leaving a legacy that impacted subsequent power dynamics in England.
Continue ReadingJohn Cantius
A scholar and theologian, contributed significantly to education and religious thought in Poland during the 15th century. Founded the university in Cracow, which became a center for higher learning in central Europe. His teachings emphasized scholasticism and the study of philosophy and theology. Played a key role in the development of church education systems.
Continue ReadingJohn Dunstaple
Active during the early 15th century, this English composer contributed significantly to the development of choral music. His work exemplified the transition from medieval to Renaissance music, incorporating harmonies that influenced future composers. Dunstaple's compositions included masses, motets, and hymns, displaying innovation in polyphony and tonal structure. He worked primarily in England, although his influence reached continental Europe, particularly in France. The composer was associated with the Burgundian court, which facilitated the spread of his works across the region. He died in 1453.
Continue ReadingJohn VIII Palaiologos
Reign spanned from 1425 to 1448 as the last Byzantine emperor before the fall of Constantinople. Focused on uniting Eastern Orthodox and Roman Catholic Churches to gain support against the Ottoman Empire. Faced numerous challenges, including financial difficulties and military threats. Attempted to secure aid from Western Europe, but responses were limited. Died in 1448, just before the city fell to the Ottomans.
Continue ReadingElizabeth of Görlitz
Born in Görlitz, became the Duchess of Luxemburg through marriage. Married Sigismund, Holy Roman Emperor, in 1404, strengthening political ties in Central Europe. Actively involved in civic and religious affairs, worked towards peace in the region. Her life coincided with significant events, including the Hussite Wars and the rise of the Bohemian Kingdom. Died in 1451 in Hungary.
Continue ReadingBlessed Margaret of Savoy
Margaret of Savoy was a noblewoman who dedicated life to religious service and charity. Born into the House of Savoy, she became known for her pious nature and commitment to assisting the needy. She established a convent and was involved in the Christian community's social initiatives. Her work aimed at promoting the welfare of the poor and the sick was notable during her lifetime. Margaret lived in the 15th century and was eventually beatified, recognizing her contributions to faith and community.
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Adolph IX
Served as Count of Holstein-Kiel during the 14th century. His tenure was marked by conflicts over territorial claims and the consolidation of power in the region. Engaged in military and diplomatic efforts to secure his rule and expand influence over neighboring territories. Took part in various feudal alliances, shaping the political landscape of northern Germany.
Continue ReadingRupert I
Rupert I served as Elector Palatine from 1385 until his death in 1390. He was a member of the House of Wittelsbach and played a significant role in the politics of the Holy Roman Empire. His reign was marked by territorial expansion and the establishment of the Palatine holdings in the region. As a ruler, he focused on strengthening the influence of the Palatinate and consolidating power among the nobility. Rupert was deeply involved in the military and political struggles of his time, navigating the complex alliances and rivalries that characterized late medieval Germany.
Continue ReadingAlexios III Megas Komnenos
Ruled as the Emperor of Trebizond from 1349 until 1390. Oversaw a period marked by internal strife and external threats, particularly from the Ottoman Turks. Engaged in diplomatic efforts to strengthen the empire's position, including alliances with neighboring powers. His reign featured a blend of Byzantine traditions and local governance. The eventual decline of the empire was evident during his rule, with significant territorial losses occurring. Death occurred in 1390, leaving the empire in a vulnerable state.
Continue ReadingJohn I of Castile
Ascended to the throne of Castile in 1379, this king was involved in several military conflicts during his reign. Implemented royal legislation known as the 'Ordenamiento de Alcázar', which aimed to create a more organized and efficient governance structure. Struggled to maintain the stability of his kingdom amidst noble rivalries and external pressures, including conflicts with Portugal. His reign witnessed significant societal changes and paved the way for future developments in Spanish governance.
Continue ReadingAlexios III of Trebizond
Born in 1338, ascended to the throne of the Empire of Trebizond in 1349. Reign marked by territorial expansion and consolidation of power. Oversaw the empire during a period of relative prosperity, focusing on enhancing trade and diplomatic ties with neighboring states. Faced challenges from rival factions and external threats, including the rising power of the Ottomans. His rule ended in 1390 as he faced increasing pressure from both internal and external forces, leading to the decline of the empire.
Continue ReadingRobert II of Scotland
Born in 1316, ascended to the throne in 1371, becoming the first monarch of Scotland from the House of Stewart. His reign witnessed the continuation of the Wars of Scottish Independence, following the earlier struggles of his predecessors. Despite the ongoing conflicts, he focused on consolidating the monarchy and securing the kingdom. His lineage would lead to significant future Scottish monarchs. The reign marked a transition in Scottish governance and royal power.
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