People Who Died in 1404
William of Wykeham
William of Wykeham served as the Bishop of Winchester and was a key figure in the development of education in England. He founded New College, Oxford, in 1379 and established Winchester College in 1382, which became significant institutions for education. His contributions to architecture are notable, especially in the rebuilding of Winchester Cathedral.
Continue ReadingPope Boniface IX
Held the papacy from 1389 until 1404. Led the Church during the Western Schism, a period characterized by rival popes in Rome and Avignon. Worked to strengthen the authority of the papacy and reduce the influence of rival claimants. Presided over various church councils and was involved in diplomatic efforts to resolve the schismatic crisis. Initiated canonizations and promoted the establishment of various church institutions.
Continue ReadingMarie Valois
Born into the Valois dynasty, this French princess was a significant player in the political landscape of late 14th and early 15th century France. As a member of the royal family, arranged marriages and alliances were central to her role, contributing to the stability of her lineage during tumultuous times. Her life unfolded against the backdrop of the Hundred Years' War, and she played a part in the dynastic politics that characterized this period. The specific details of her marriage and offspring further established her family's claims to power and loyalty among influential nobility. Her legacy includes the continuation of the Valois line, which shaped future French monarchy.
Continue ReadingPhilip II
Born in 1342, Philip II became the Duke of Burgundy and played a significant role in the politics of France and the Low Countries during the late 14th century. His reign was marked by territorial expansion and the consolidation of power in Burgundy. Philip II sought to enhance the Burgundian influence both economically and politically by forming strategic alliances, including marriages into prominent royal families. He was involved in several conflicts during the Hundred Years' War and focused on strengthening Burgundy's autonomy from the French crown. His contributions helped establish the Burgundian state as a notable entity in medieval Europe, with a focus on developing trade, culture, and governance.
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