What Happened This Year 1405

Historical Events from This Year 1405

Exploration & Discovery

Zheng He's First Voyage of Exploration Begins

July 11th, 1405 619 years ago

Zheng He, a Chinese admiral and explorer, embarked on his first expedition to explore new territories and establish trade routes. With a massive fleet of ships, he set sail from the harbor in Nanjing, China, during the early Ming Dynasty. His mission was to showcase the might of China and to forge diplomatic and trade relations with foreign lands, particularly in Southeast Asia and beyond. The voyage aimed to enhance China's maritime influence and expand its horizons.

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Politics & Government

Sharif ul-Hāshim Establishes Sultanate of Sulu

November 17th, 1405 619 years ago

Sharif ul-Hāshim, a religious leader from Arabia, established the Sultanate of Sulu in the southern Philippines, promoting Islam and unifying various tribes under a central authority. His arrival marked the beginning of Islamic influence in the region, significantly shaping local governance and culture. The Sultanate would later become a powerful entity in Southeast Asia, fostering trade and cultural exchange.

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Born in 1405

Constantine XI Palaiologos

Byzantine Emperor during Fall of Constantinople
Born
February 8th, 1405 620 years ago
Died
May 29th, 1453 571 years ago — 48 years old

Ascended to the throne in 1449 as the last Byzantine Emperor. Faced the Ottoman siege of Constantinople from 1453. Defended the city against overwhelming forces until its fall. Died during the final battle, symbolizing the end of the Byzantine Empire. His reign marked a significant point in the history of the region.

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John II of Castile

King of Castile and León
Born
March 6th, 1405 620 years ago
Died
1454 571 years ago — 49 years old

Ruled as king from 1406 to 1454. His reign was marked by internal strife and conflicts with the nobility. An attempt was made to strengthen royal authority and administration. Established the Order of Santiago to support the Reconquista efforts against the Moors. Overcame adversities including civil wars and foreign incursions during his rule.

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Pope Pius II

Pope and author of 'Commentaries'
Born
October 18th, 1405 619 years ago
Died
August 14th, 1464 560 years ago — 58 years old

Elected as pope in 1458, served until 1464. Authored 'Commentaries', providing insight into his thoughts and experiences during the Renaissance. Became involved in various diplomatic missions and sought to unite Christendom against the Ottoman Turks. Founded the town of Pienza, known for its Renaissance architecture and urban planning, reflecting humanist ideals.

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Skanderbeg

Albanian military leader and noble
Born
1405 620 years ago
Died
January 17th, 1468 557 years ago — 63 years old

A key figure in the resistance against Ottoman conquest in the 15th century. Established himself as a prominent military commander after declaring war against the Ottomans in 1443. Led a coalition of Albanian principalities, maintaining autonomy and launching numerous successful campaigns. Adopted the title of 'Lord of Albania' and sought to unify the Albanian people against foreign invasion. After his death, his legacy continued to inspire future generations in the struggle for independence.

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William Neville

English soldier and 1st Earl of Kent
Born
1405 620 years ago
Died
January 9th, 1463 562 years ago — 58 years old

Created 1st Earl of Kent, served as a soldier during the Hundred Years' War. Engaged in multiple military campaigns, contributing to English efforts against France. Involved in various political maneuvers, solidifying influence within the English nobility during the 15th century. Actively participated in significant battles and served in key roles, showcasing military leadership.

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People Who Died in 1405

Eleanor Maltravers

English noblewoman and landowner
Born
1345 680 years ago
Died
January 12th, 1405 620 years ago — 60 years old

Born into the English nobility, played significant roles in the political landscape of 14th century England. Held titles and estates due to marriage alliances, contributing to land holdings and familial networks among the nobility. Managed properties effectively during periods of conflict, particularly during the Hundred Years' War, and navigated the complexities of her family's status and influence. Served as a matriarch fostering the lineage of the Maltravers family, which included prominent figures in English history. Her life embodied the attributes and responsibilities of noblewomen in medieval society, characterized by land management and the maintenance of family legacy.

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Margaret III

Countess of Flanders and Rethel
Born
April 13th, 1350 674 years ago
Died
March 16th, 1405 619 years ago — 54 years old

Served as the Countess of Flanders and Rethel from 1384 until death. Managed her lands during a politically turbulent period, navigating alliances and conflicts. Acted as a regent for her son, leading the province amid external threats. Significant for her role in the Burgundian Netherlands.

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Philippe de Mézières

French soldier and author of 'Songe du Vieil Pèlerin'
Born
1327 698 years ago
Died
May 29th, 1405 619 years ago — 78 years old

A medieval French soldier and author, contributed significantly to literature and military thought. Authored the influential work 'Songe du Vieil Pèlerin,' which combines allegory and personal reflections on knights and chivalry. Participated in various military campaigns during the Hundred Years' War, primarily engaging with English forces. Emphasized the importance of chivalric values and virtues in the context of warfare and peace.

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Thomas de Mowbray

4th Earl of Norfolk, military leader
Born
March 22nd, 1367 657 years ago
Died
June 8th, 1405 619 years ago — 38 years old

Held the title of 4th Earl of Norfolk, Thomas de Mowbray played a significant role in English politics during the late 14th century. Participated in military campaigns such as the Hundred Years' War. Acted as a prominent figure at the court of Richard II, where he engaged in various political disputes and rivalries. His tenure included conflicts with other nobles, leading to notable tensions in the English aristocracy. De Mowbray's life concluded in 1405 when he died under circumstances associated with his political activities.

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