People Who Died in 1417
Richard de Vere
Served as the 11th Earl of Oxford and held significant military roles during the late medieval period. Participated in numerous campaigns and was known for leadership in battles. Engaged in the Wars of the Roses, which defined the political landscape of England during that era. Additionally, commanded troops at the Battle of Agincourt, contributing to English military efforts in France.
Continue ReadingManuel III Megas Komnenos
Ruled as Emperor of Trebizond from 1390 until death in 1417. His reign was marked by efforts to stabilize and protect the empire amidst the geopolitical pressures of neighboring powers, particularly the Ottoman Turks. He attempted to strengthen the economy, maintain trade routes, and preserve the Byzantine heritage. Confronted with rising threats, he engaged in diplomatic relations with various states and navigated challenges posed by local warlords. His leadership was pivotal during a time of decline for the Byzantine successor states. After his death, the empire continued to face increasing external pressures.
Continue ReadingRobert Hallam
Served as the Bishop of Exeter from 1407 until death in 1417. Participated in the papal conclave that elected Pope Martin V in 1417. Took part in various ecclesiastical councils and was involved in church politics during a significant period of the Catholic Church. Hallam contributed to the administration of his diocese and supported the church's role amidst the political turmoils of the time.
Continue ReadingFrancesco Zabarella
Born in 1360 in Italy, contributed significantly to ecclesiastical jurisprudence. Served as a cardinal and was recognized for his scholarly work on theological matters. Held high positions within the Church, advocating for reform and adherence to canon law during a time of ecclesiastical turmoil. Played a key role in the Council of Pisa, which aimed to resolve the Western Schism, a period marked by multiple claimants to the papacy. His writings influenced the development of church law and doctrine in the late medieval period.
Continue ReadingPope Gregory XII
Served as Pope from 1406 to 1415 during a period marked by the Western Schism, where multiple claimants contested the papacy. Resigned in 1415 to help resolve this schism, leading to the election of Pope Martin V at the Council of Constance. His papacy was characterized by efforts to restore unity in the church and to address challenges from rival popes and factions within Christendom.
Continue ReadingJohn Oldcastle
A prominent figure in the Lollard movement, advocated for reforms in the church, emphasizing the importance of translating the Bible into English. Played a significant role in religious dissent in early 15th century England, opposing the doctrines of the Catholic Church. Led a rebellion against Henry IV’s government, which sought to suppress heretical beliefs. Captured and executed in 1417, representing the struggles faced by reformers of the time.
Continue ReadingLouis II of Anjou
Born in 1377, a prominent figure in French nobility, he held the titles of Duke of Anjou, Count of Maine, and Count of Provence. Engaged in military campaigns during the Hundred Years' War, he played a crucial role in various sieges and battles alongside key figures of the time. His endeavors included attempts to claim the throne of Naples, which led to prolonged conflict and political intrigue in Italy. Involved in regional politics, he fostered alliances and rivalries with other noble families. His engagement in courtly life and administration contributed significantly to the complexities of 15th-century French politics. Died in 1417.
Continue ReadingEmperor Manuel III of Trebizond
Ruled as the last Emperor of Trebizond from 1390 until 1426. Oversaw a significant period of decline for the empire due to external pressures from the Ottoman Turks and internal disputes. During the reign, economic difficulties and territorial losses were prominent issues. Engaged in diplomatic efforts with various European states in an attempt to bolster the crumbling empire. The reign ended with the conquest of Trebizond by the Ottomans, which marked the end of the Byzantine Empire.
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