Historical Events from This Year 1663
Otto von Guericke Completes Vacuum Studies
Otto von Guericke finalized his significant manuscript, 'Experimenta Nova (ut vocantur) Magdeburgica de Vacuo Spatio', where he vividly narrated his groundbreaking experiments on vacuum and electrostatic phenomena. Through rigorous experiments, he notably illustrated the absence of air and its effects, providing essential proofs of his theories. His work contributed to the understanding of atmospheric pressure and electrostatic forces, thereby influencing future scientific inquiries into these fields. This publication marked a notable advancement in experimental science and philosophy.
Continue ReadingCharter Grant of Carolina to Lords Proprietor
In March 1663, a charter was granted to eight Lords Proprietor for the Province of Carolina as a reward for their role in the Restoration of Charles II. This charter defined the boundaries and governance of the new colony, setting the stage for future settlement and development. The Lords Proprietor aimed to establish a prosperous society by attracting settlers seeking opportunity in the New World. This marked the formal beginning of Carolina's establishment as a British colony under a proprietary system.
Continue ReadingVictorious Portuguese End Spanish Domination
In the Battle of Ameixial, Portuguese forces led by General Afonso de Chaves achieved a decisive victory against the Spanish army. This battle took place in the Algarve region of Portugal, solidifying Portugal's desire for independence after 60 years of Iberian Union under Spanish rule. The clash highlighted the resilience and determination of the Portuguese, igniting further efforts for autonomy and marking a key moment in the Portuguese Restoration War.
Continue ReadingSpanish Garrison of Évora Surrenders to Portugal
Following their defeat at the Battle of Ameixial, the Spanish garrison in Évora capitulated to Portuguese forces. This significant event marked a turning point in the Portuguese Restoration War, as Portuguese troops effectively regained control over strategic territories previously occupied by the Spanish during the Iberian Union. The surrender occurred amid rising Portuguese confidence and military successes, leading to the eventual stabilization of Portugal's independence.
Continue ReadingRoyal Charter Granted to Rhode Island
Charles II of England granted a royal charter to John Clarke for the establishment of the Colony of Rhode Island. This charter recognized the colony's governance and provided for religious freedom, allowing diverse faiths to thrive. It marked a significant moment in colonial self-governance.
Continue ReadingParliament Passes Second Navigation Act
The English Parliament enacted the second Navigation Act, mandating that all goods en route to the American colonies be transported on English ships originating from English ports. This act was aimed at strengthening mercantilism and controlling colonial trade while ensuring the dominance of English merchants in overseas commerce. Following the Acts of Union in 1707, Scotland was also included under the provisions of this legislation, reinforcing the economic ties between England and its northern neighbor.
Continue ReadingBorn in 1663 (View all 13)
George Byng
Born in 1663, an admiral in the Royal Navy, served with distinction during the War of the Spanish Succession. Played a crucial role in the Battle of Cape Passaro in 1718, leading British forces to victory. Became the 1st Viscount Torrington in recognition of military service. Instrumental in naval operations and contributed to British maritime strategy in the early 18th century.
Continue ReadingIgnacia del Espíritu Santo
A prominent figure in the Philippines, founded the Religious of the Virgin Mary, a religious congregation. Established the order to focus on education and the formation of young women in the faith. Contributed to the spiritual and educational landscape of the region, promoting the Catholic faith through her teachings and initiatives. Played an essential role in the Catholic community and left a legacy that continued after her death.
Continue ReadingCotton Mather
A prominent minister and author in colonial America, contributed significantly to religious thought and understanding of the New England Puritan experience. Served at the Second Church in Boston and became involved in the Salem witch trials, providing testimony that influenced public opinion. Wrote numerous works including 'Magnalia Christi Americana', a history of New England and its churches, which remains a vital resource for historians. His writings encompassed theology, science, and history, reflecting the complex intellectual landscape of his time.
Continue ReadingFrancis Atterbury
Served as the Bishop of Rochester and later as the Bishop of Canterbury. Contributed to religious debates during early 18th century England. Engaged in political and theological controversies, particularly in opposition to the Church of England's establishment. Exiled for political reasons after supporting the Jacobite cause. Wrote extensively on religious and political topics, with works including sermons and letters.
Continue ReadingAugust Hermann Francke
A significant figure in Protestant Christianity, focused on education and social welfare. Established a range of institutions, including schools and orphanages, particularly in Halle, Germany. Played a major role in the Pietist movement, emphasizing personal faith and community service. Contributed to the development of social care and education for the underprivileged, promoting literacy and vocational training for youth.
Continue ReadingAntónio Manoel de Vilhena
Served as Grand Master of the Order of Saint John from 1722 to 1736. Focused on the fortifications of Valletta and the naval capabilities of the order. Led military campaigns against the Ottoman Empire during the Great Turkish War. Improved the management of Malta and its economy through various infrastructure projects and reforms.
Continue ReadingPeople Who Died in 1663 (View all 12)
Isaac Ambrose
Served as a minister in England and contributed to religious literature during the 17th century. Focused on spiritual guidance and theological writings that reflected the religious context of the time. Authored several significant works, including 'Looking Unto Jesus', which emphasized the role of Jesus in the Christian faith. Became a prominent figure in the religious community and influenced various readers through his writings, which often engaged deeply with scripture.
Continue ReadingFrancis Cooke
Settled in Plymouth Colony in 1620 and became one of the original passengers on the Mayflower. Engaged in various endeavors to support the colony's economy, including farming and trade. Held positions of responsibility, contributing to the development of the early colonial infrastructure. Took part in local governance and was a significant figure in the community throughout life. Death occurred in 1663.
Continue ReadingWilliam Juxon
Served as the Bishop of London and later as Archbishop of Canterbury. Played a significant role in the Church of England during the Stuart period, particularly during the English Civil War. Acted as a royalist supporter and counselor to King Charles I, overseeing the King's funeral following his execution. Contributed to the academic community as Vice-Chancellor of the University of Oxford and was involved in ecclesiastical governance throughout his career. Influenced church policies and educational standards during a time of significant political and religious upheaval.
Continue ReadingNzinga of Ndongo and Matamba
Ruled as the Queen of Ndongo and Matamba during the 17th century. Engaged in resistance against Portuguese colonization in Angola. Established diplomatic relations with various European powers and advocated for her people's autonomy. Played a significant role in the political landscape of her time, navigating complex alliances and conflicts to strengthen her kingdoms. Successfully led military campaigns against Portuguese forces, displaying strategic acumen in protecting her territory and sovereignty.
Continue ReadingFrancesco Maria Grimaldi
Born in 1618, significant contributions to the fields of mathematics and physics were made. Grimaldi is recognized for his studies in optics and the wave theory of light. His experimentation with diffraction led to a better understanding of light behavior. These contributions were foundational for subsequent optical research.
Continue ReadingChristine of France
Born in 1606, a noble of France, played a significant role in the political landscape of Europe during the 17th century. The daughter of Henry IV of France, became Duchess of Savoy through marriage to Vittorio Amedeo I. Amidst the political turmoil, focused on the promotion of culture and the arts, establishing a court known for artistic patronage in Savoy. Provided strong support for various artists and intellectuals, contributing to the cultural development of the region. Gained a reputation for her diplomatic skills and was involved in the marital negotiations to strengthen alliances across Europe.
Continue Reading