People Who Died in 1688
Empress Dowager Xiaozhuang of China
Born into the Kodo clan, gained significant influence within the Qing Dynasty as a mother of the Shunzhi Emperor and a regent for her grandson, the Kangxi Emperor. Ruled from the late 17th century and played a key role in imperial politics during a time of consolidation and expansion of the dynasty. Established a strong position for the Manchu aristocracy and influenced governmental reforms. Advocated for policies that promoted agricultural development and supported cultural projects. Passed away in 1688.
Continue ReadingFerdinand Verbiest
Ferdinand Verbiest served as a Flemish Jesuit missionary in China during the 17th century. Arriving in China in 1659, focused on introducing Western science and technology, particularly astronomy and mathematics. Verbiest played a significant role in the establishment of the Imperial Astronomy Bureau and became the first European to create a full set of astronomical instruments designed for Chinese use. Additionally, he contributed to various translations of Western scientific texts into Chinese, bridging the gap between Western and Chinese knowledge systems. His work significantly influenced Chinese astronomy and mathematics, enabling the integration of Western concepts into these fields.
Continue ReadingAbraham Duquesne
Served as an admiral in the French Navy during the 17th century and participated in several naval engagements. Played a pivotal role during the Franco-Dutch War, notably leading French forces to victory at the Battle of Cape Béveziers. Commanded the French fleet in the Mediterranean and earned a reputation for his naval strategies and effective leadership. Held the title of Marquis and was influential in maritime affairs, contributing to the expansion of French naval power.
Continue ReadingMaria of Orange-Nassau
Born into the House of Orange-Nassau, this individual was a prominent figure in the 17th century. She married William II, Prince of Orange, and became the mother of William III of England. Her marriage fortified alliances within European nobility. Her influence extended through her children, particularly William III, who played a significant role in the Glorious Revolution in England. The life and legacy of this princess were intertwined with the political landscape of Europe during her time.
Continue ReadingAntoine Furetière
Born in 1619, this author and scholar made significant contributions to French literature and linguistics. Most recognized for compiling the first comprehensive French dictionary, which served as a foundation for future lexicography in the language. Furetière's work laid the groundwork for scholarly research and documentation in French, demonstrating the evolving nature of the language and its usage.
Continue ReadingRalph Cudworth
An English philosopher and academic, contributed extensively to philosophy and theology during the 17th century. Served as a prominent figure in the Cambridge Platonist movement. Wrote significant works that explored metaphysics, ethics, and religious thought. His most notable publication, 'The True Intellectual System of the Universe,' criticized materialism and atheism, advocating for a rational understanding of the divine and the nature of reality. In his academic role at Emmanuel College, Cambridge, he influenced many students and scholars through his lectures and writings.
Continue ReadingNarai
Ruled as the king of Siam from 1656 until death in 1688. Focused on modernization and foreign relations, strengthening ties with European countries, particularly France. Oversaw the establishment of diplomatic missions and invited Jesuit priests to the court, promoting cultural exchange. His reign was marked by a flourishing of art and architecture, signified by the construction of numerous temples and buildings, including the Royal Palace in Ayutthaya. Encouraged trade and commerce, enhancing the economy of the kingdom.
Continue ReadingHenry Morgan
A Welsh admiral and politician, served as the Lieutenant Governor of Jamaica during the late 17th century. Achieved prominence through privateering and sacking Spanish settlements in the Caribbean. Participated in the capture of the city of Panama in 1670, one of the most significant exploits of his career. Established a reputation for bravery and tactical skill, later appointed as a plantation owner and a key figure in the administration of the colony.
Continue ReadingJohn Bunyan
An English preacher and theologian, authored the allegorical novel 'The Pilgrim's Progress,' which became one of the most published books in the English language. Imprisoned for his nonconformist beliefs, wrote many religious works during incarceration. His writings emphasized Christian experiences and doctrines, influencing Protestant thought and literature. Later released, continued to preach and write until death.
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