Born in 1714
Joseph I of Portugal
Ruled as the King of Portugal from 1750 until death in 1777. Joseph I presided over a period of significant change and modernization in Portugal, particularly following the devastating 1755 Lisbon earthquake. Under his reign, efforts were made to rebuild the city and improve infrastructure. A notable event during his rule was the establishment of the Marquis of Pombal as Prime Minister, who led reforms in the administration and economy. Joseph I's reign significantly influenced the evolution of the Portuguese state and its governance.
Continue ReadingCésar-François Cassini de Thury
An astronomer and cartographer from France, contributions included significant advancements in geodesy and cartography. Developed techniques for triangulation and produced detailed maps of France. Worked on the Paris meridian and conducted extensive surveys to improve the accuracy of maps, which influenced future mapping techniques. Served as Royal Cartographer and made notable contributions to the French Academy of Sciences.
Continue ReadingChristoph Willibald Gluck
Born in 1714, a German composer revolutionized opera with a focus on dramatic expression and unified musical structure. Gluck's operatic works broke away from the established Baroque style, emphasizing clear melodies and orchestration. Notable pieces include 'Orfeo ed Euridice,' which redefined the genre and influenced future composers. His collaborations with librettists such as Ranieri de' Calzabigi led to significant results in the operatic form, using mythological themes to convey profound emotions. Gluck's changes in opera laid the groundwork for the Classical period and inspired later figures like Mozart.
Continue ReadingMarc René
A French general and engineer, contributions to military engineering included innovations in fortifications and siege tactics. Played a significant role during the French Revolutionary Wars, particularly in campaigns involving the defense of the French territory. His engineering expertise enhanced logistical planning and execution in various military operations. Recognized for advancements in engineering that influenced future military strategies.
Continue ReadingRichard Wilson
A prominent Welsh painter and academic who emerged in the 18th century, contributed significantly to the genre of landscape painting. His work often featured the natural beauty of Wales and the English countryside, reflecting an appreciation for the sublime aspects of nature. Wilson was one of the first landscape painters to emphasize the effects of light and atmosphere, often incorporating classical motifs. His paintings became influential in the transition from the Baroque style to the Romantic landscape tradition. Wilson served as a pivotal figure in the establishment of a British school of landscape painting, and his works gained attention not just locally but also in broader European contexts.
Continue ReadingClaude Joseph Vernet
A prominent French painter during the 18th century, he specialized in landscapes and seascapes, often depicting dramatic weather conditions and serene coastal scenes. His work gained popularity for its detailed representation of nature and atmospheric effects. Vernet received commissions from the French government, leading to the creation of several significant works for public buildings. He was a member of the Academy of Fine Arts and contributed to the artistic community in France, particularly in Paris.
Continue ReadingAlaungpaya
Ascended to the throne in 1752, this monarch unified several territories in present-day Myanmar. Established the Konbaung Dynasty, which lasted for over two centuries, and launched numerous military campaigns to expand the kingdom's reach. Implemented administrative reforms to strengthen central authority and promote economic stability. Promoted Theravada Buddhism as a state religion, leading to a flourishing of cultural and religious institutions. The reign significantly influenced the history, culture, and territory of Myanmar.
Continue ReadingAnthony Ulrich
Born in 1714, a member of the House of Welf, held the title of Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg. Involved in regional politics in Germany, participated in the governance and administration of the duchy. His leadership spanned critical periods, influencing local policies and alliances during his reign. Contributed to the cultural and economic development of the region through patronage and support of local institutions.
Continue ReadingNiccolò Jommelli
A prominent figure of the 18th century, contributed significantly to the development of opera. Composed numerous operas, often blending elements of traditional Italian style with the emerging classical forms. Worked extensively in Naples, where many of the operas premiered. Jommelli's style influenced future composers, and his works remain part of the operatic repertoire.
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