Born in 1740
Marquis de Sade
A prominent figure of the French Enlightenment, a philosopher and writer. His literary contributions explored themes of freedom, sexuality, and morality, often challenging societal norms. Works include 'Justine', 'The 120 Days of Sodom', and 'Philosophy in the Bedroom'. De Sade's controversial ideas and writings led to imprisonment and he spent much of his life in incarceration. His influence persisted, affecting both literature and the perception of sexuality and desire in later centuries.
Continue ReadingJeanne Baré
Born in France, an early explorer achieved significant milestones. Accompanied Louis Antoine de Bougainville on the voyage around the world. Disguised as a male to join the expedition, became the first woman to circumnavigate the globe. Collected various botanical specimens, contributing to the understanding of flora in the regions visited. The journey provided extensive insights into the Pacific islands and their ecosystems.
Continue ReadingJean Baptiste Camille Canclaux
Born in 1740, this individual served as a significant general in the French Revolutionary Wars. He rose through the ranks of the French army and participated in key military campaigns during this tumultuous period. His contributions were particularly notable during the campaigns in the Vendée and the Rhine, showcasing strategic military capabilities and leadership.
Continue ReadingMatthias Claudius
Born in 1740 in Germany, a poet and author became prominent in the 18th century. The literary career commenced with contributions to various periodicals, emphasizing themes of nature and spirituality. The work 'Wandsbek' gained significant attention, reflecting a blend of narrative and poetic elements. Claudius also wrote for 'Der Norden', a well-regarded literary magazine, which helped establish his reputation. His writings often portrayed rural life and moral reflections, resonating deeply with readers of the time.
Continue ReadingJoseph-Michel Montgolfier
Co-invented the hot air balloon with brother Jacques-Étienne Montgolfier. The first successful flight occurred on June 4, 1783, in Annonay, France. Balloon ascended to approximately 1,000 meters and traveled around 3 kilometers before landing. The invention spurred interest in aerostatic flight and laid the groundwork for future advancements in aviation.
Continue ReadingJohan Tobias Sergel
Practiced sculpture and illustration primarily in Sweden during the 18th century. Created notable works in neoclassicism, which defined his style and contributed to the artistic landscape of the time. Produced sculptures that reflected classical themes and showcased a high level of artistic skill. Worked on several monumental sculptures, influencing subsequent generations of artists. His contributions are recognized in various Swedish cultural institutions.
Continue ReadingJohann Heinrich Jung
An author and academic active during the late 18th and early 19th centuries. Wrote influential works that contributed to German literature and thought. Engaged in philosophical discussions and literary criticism, shaping the landscape of German Romanticism. Involved in educational reforms and served in various academic roles throughout his career.
Continue ReadingEmpress Go-Sakuramachi of Japan
Reigned as Empress of Japan from 1762 until abdication in 1771. Oversaw a period characterized by political stability and cultural growth. Had significant influence over court politics and ceremonial practices. After abdication, lived in retirement as a retired empress and actively involved in court affairs.
Continue ReadingIsabelle de Charrière
Born in the Netherlands, this author and poet became renowned for contributions to literature during the 18th century. Works reflected Enlightenment ideals and explored themes of individuality and society. Writings included novels and essays, showcasing a nuanced understanding of human relationships and societal norms. Engaged in correspondence with other writers of the period, influencing intellectual discourse of the time.
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