Born in 1746
George Elphinstone
Born in 1746, served as a Royal Navy officer during pivotal naval battles. Promoted to the rank of admiral, played key roles in the French Revolutionary Wars and the Napoleonic Wars. Appointed Governor of Cape Colony and Lord of the Admiralty, influenced naval policy. Elevated to the peerage as 1st Viscount Keith, recognized for strategic leadership and contributions to military reform.
Continue ReadingJohann Heinrich Pestalozzi
A prominent educational reformer engaged in developing pioneering methods in education. Established several schools in Switzerland emphasizing the importance of emotional and ethical development alongside intellectual growth. Advocated for a holistic approach to learning that combined head, heart, and hands, which significantly influenced the field of education in Europe. Writings on education revolutionized teaching methodologies and laid the groundwork for modern pedagogy.
Continue ReadingGustav III of Sweden
Ascended to the throne in 1771, the monarch implemented significant reforms in Sweden, including promoting the arts and liberal economic policies. Gustav III was a patron of the theatre, founding the Royal Dramatic Theatre in Stockholm. He also sought to modernize the country, advocating for agricultural advancements and enhancing education. Gustav III engaged in political maneuvering, strengthening the monarchy's power by limiting the influence of the nobility. His reign was marked by conflicts, including the Russo-Swedish War, and he faced assassination in 1792.
Continue ReadingMaria Amalia
Born into the House of Bourbon, assumed the title of Duchess of Parma in 1748 after her marriage to Duke Ferdinand of Parma. Managed the duchy during a period marked by political changes and military conflicts in Europe. Fostered artistic and cultural developments in Parma, supporting various artists and architects. Held court in a fashionable palace while navigating the complexities of European nobility and alliances.
Continue ReadingLouis-Jérôme Gohier
Served as the Minister of Justice in France during the tumultuous period of the French Revolution. Appointed to this role from 1799 to 1800, oversaw significant legal and judicial reforms. Engaged in efforts to balance revolutionary ideals with the practical needs of governance. Participated in the establishment of new legal frameworks that influenced the future of French law. After the fall of the revolutionary government, faced political challenges and ultimately resigned from the position.
Continue ReadingAndré Michaux
A prominent botanist and explorer, significant contributions to the study of North American flora occurred during a series of botanical expeditions in the late 18th century. Worked extensively in regions that are now the United States, documenting various plant species and their habitats. Conducted research in the Ohio Valley, the Southern states, and the Appalachian Mountains. Established a botanical garden in Paris which served as a center for plant study and exchange. His writings include valuable observations on plant cultivation and natural history.
Continue ReadingMichael Bruce
Born in 1746, this individual was a prominent Scottish poet and composer. Associated with the Scottish literary revival, contributed significantly to the canon of Scottish poetry through works that encapsulated the themes of nature and Scottish identity. The poetry written during his lifetime expressed deep emotional resonance and is celebrated for its lyrical quality. His compositions also included hymns and songs, which further showcased his musical talent. The influence of the Scottish Enlightenment can be seen in the themes and styles adopted in his poetry. His life was cut short at the age of 29, but his legacy continues in the world of Scottish literature and music.
Continue ReadingCarlo Buonaparte
Practiced law in Corsica and became a prominent political figure in the late 18th century. Held the position of counselor to the King of France. Actively participated in Corsican politics during a time of significant upheaval and change.
Continue ReadingFrancisco Goya
Born in 1746, a prominent painter and printmaker became a pivotal figure in the transition from the Old Masters to modern art. An early supporter of the Enlightenment, created works that often showcased social and political criticism. Spent significant time in France, influencing subsequent generations of artists with unique styles and themes. Major works include 'The Naked Maja' and 'The Clothed Maja', presenting contrasting depictions of the female form. Masterpieces capture the tumult of war and human suffering, particularly noted in 'The Third of May 1808', which addressed the horrors of conflict.
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