Born in 1768
Maria Edgeworth
Born in 1768, this author contributed significantly to the development of the novel as a literary form in the early 19th century. Writing primarily in English, she often explored themes of social and moral education in her works. The publication of 'Castle Rackrent' in 1800 marked a turning point in Irish literature by using theIrish setting and characters to frame the narrative. The author frequently collaborated with other writers, and her works showcase a range of genres, from history to children's literature. Throughout her career, she maintained a correspondence with notable literary figures, further influencing her peers.
Continue ReadingJoseph Bonaparte
An Italian nobleman, served as King of Naples from 1806 to 1808 and King of Spain from 1808 to 1813 during the Napoleonic Wars. Appointed by his brother Napoleon Bonaparte, implemented several administrative reforms in Spain. After the fall of his reign, lived in exile in various countries including the United States, where he resided for many years.
Continue ReadingFrancis II
Born in 1768, the last Holy Roman Emperor reigned from 1792 until 1806. The dissolution of the Holy Roman Empire occurred after the Austro-Prussian War, leading to the establishment of the Austrian Empire. Emphasized the importance of maintaining the empire's influence in European politics during the Napoleonic Wars, facing significant challenges from Napoleon Bonaparte. Advocated for diplomatic solutions and alliances to preserve imperial power, ultimately abdicated in 1806 as Napoleon’s forces advanced. Transitioned to the role of Emperor of Austria thereafter, continuing to rule until 1835.
Continue ReadingÉdouard Adolphe Casimir Joseph Mortier
Served as a French general and politician during the Napoleonic era. Held the position of the 15th Prime Minister of France for a brief period. Mortier played significant roles in various military campaigns, including the Peninsular War and the invasion of Russia. He was decorated as a Marshal of France and held command over the Guard during several military engagements. Mortier's political career included serving as a member of the French Senate and taking on important administrative roles in the government.
Continue ReadingJoseph Fourier
A prominent mathematician and physicist, contributed significantly to the study of heat transfer and vibrations. Developed Fourier series, which express functions as sums of sines and cosines, enabling solutions in various fields including engineering, physics, and signal processing. Authored 'The Analytical Theory of Heat,' establishing the basis for heat conduction analysis. Served as a member of the French Academy of Sciences and was involved in the political sphere during the French Revolution, including governance in Egypt under Napoleon.
Continue ReadingCharles Tennant
A Scottish chemist and businessman developed a method for producing bleaching powder, revolutionizing the textile industry. Established a successful chemical works in 1796 and contributed to the development of the industrial dyeing and bleaching industry. Became a prominent figure in the chemical industry and played a significant role in the growth of chemical manufacturing in Scotland during the 19th century.
Continue ReadingCaroline of Brunswick
Born on May 17, 1768, Caroline of Brunswick became the queen consort of King George IV of the United Kingdom. Marriage to George IV occurred in 1795, and the union was tumultuous, marked by personal and political strife. Many public controversies surrounded her, especially regarding their separation in 1814 and subsequent trials that captured public attention. In 1820, George IV attempted to exclude her from his coronation. However, Caroline made a dramatic entrance and was denied entry, which further heightened her popularity among the public. She lived in Italy for the latter part of her life until her death in 1821.
Continue ReadingÉtienne Marie Antoine Champion de Nansouty
Born in 1768, a prominent French general served in the Napoleonic Wars. Participated in significant battles such as Austerlitz and Waterloo. Garnered a reputation for leadership and skill in cavalry tactics within the French Army. Achieved the rank of divisional general and commanded various cavalry divisions throughout campaigns.
Continue ReadingSamuel Slater
An English-American engineer played a crucial role in the American Industrial Revolution by establishing the first successful water-powered cotton spinning mill in the United States. Arriving in America in 1789, contributed to the growth of the textile industry by bringing British manufacturing techniques. Founded the first successful cotton spinning mill in Pawtucket, Rhode Island, utilizing a water frame design. His innovations laid the groundwork for future industrial advancements in the U.S.
Continue Reading