Historical Events from This Year 1791 (View all 36)
Big Bottom Massacre by Lenape and Wyandot Warriors
The Big Bottom massacre occurred when Lenape and Wyandot warriors attacked a small settlement near the Muskingum River in the Ohio Country. Approximately twenty settlers were killed, and several others were taken captive. This event marked a significant moment in the ongoing tensions between Native American tribes and European-American settlers in the region, driven by land disputes and differing ways of life.
Continue ReadingSiege of Dunlap's Station Near Cincinnati
Dunlap's Station, a fortified settlement on the Ohio frontier, was besieged by a coalition of Native American tribes during the Northwest Indian War. The siege began as hostilities escalated following increasing tensions between American settlers and Indigenous peoples over land and resources. The station's garrison, comprising settlers and soldiers, faced a desperate situation as they defended against relentless attacks. Their fortifications allowed for a grueling resistance that attracted attention across the region for its bravery and desperation amidst the larger backdrop of the war.
Continue ReadingQuebec Division into Upper and Lower Canada
The British Parliament enacted the Constitutional Act of 1791, which divided the Province of Quebec into two distinct regions: Upper Canada and Lower Canada. This division aimed to accommodate the growing number of English-speaking settlers in the west while maintaining governance tailored to the French-speaking majority in the east. The Act established separate governments for each region, reflecting the linguistic and cultural differences that had emerged in the colony.
Continue ReadingVermont Admitted as the 14th State of the Union
Congress passed a law to admit Vermont as the 14th state following its years of de facto independence. Vermont had existed largely unrecognized for 14 years before receiving official status. This move marked a significant moment in the expansion of the United States and demonstrated the evolving nature of statehood and governance during the early years of the republic. The law took effect on March 4.
Continue ReadingClaude Chappe's Semaphore Line Demonstration
Claude Chappe demonstrated the first semaphore line, a revolutionary system for long-distance communication, near Paris. This innovative method utilized a series of towers equipped with articulated arms that could be positioned in various configurations to convey messages. Chappe's initial demonstration showcased how effectively messages could be transmitted across distances, significantly improving communication capabilities in France. The system was embraced for military and civil purposes, marking a key advancement in information technology during that era.
Continue ReadingVermont Joins the Union as Fourteenth State
Vermont officially became the fourteenth state of the United States, integrating into the Union after a contentious debate over its admission. The state's unique historical background as a separate republic shaped its path to statehood. Prior to joining the United States, Vermont operated independently, showcasing its distinct identity and aspirations. The decision to admit Vermont required negotiations among existing states and was influenced by both political and geographical considerations.
Continue ReadingBorn in 1791 (View all 32)
Franz Grillparzer
Born in Vienna in 1791, a prominent figure in Austrian literature, primarily wrote plays and poetry. Made significant contributions to the drama genre, drawing on themes of human existence and morality. His works often reflected personal struggles and societal issues. Notable plays include 'The Atheist' and 'The Golden Fleece'. His writing style combined classic and romantic elements, generating a lasting influence on later Austrian playwrights.
Continue ReadingPeter Cooper
An American businessman and philanthropist contributed significantly to education and industry. Founded the Cooper Union for the Advancement of Science and Art in 1859, which provided free education to students. Developed the first patented gelatin dessert, leading to the creation of Jell-O. Was involved in the construction of the Atlantic Avenue Tunnel in Brooklyn, one of the first tunnels in the United States. Contributed to various civic causes, advocating for public education and social equity.
Continue ReadingCarl Czerny
Born in Vienna, a significant pianist and composer, contributed extensively to piano technique. Composed numerous etudes, including the 'School of Velocity' and 'The Art of Finger Dexterity.' Worked as a teacher and mentor to future composers, influencing the development of piano pedagogy. Established a reputation for detailed technical studies that are still utilized in piano education today. Active during the early 19th century, Czerny's works remain essential in the training of pianists.
Continue ReadingCharles Knight
An author and publisher, contributed significantly to the field of literature and education in the 19th century. Founded and published several important works, including the 'Encyclopaedia Metropolitana', which aimed to provide accessible knowledge to the general public. Additionally, played a pivotal role in establishing the first national newspaper, promoting the importance of journalism and information dissemination. His publications often focused on historical and educational themes.
Continue ReadingAnne Lister
A prominent diarist, mountaineer, and traveller, she documented daily life and personal reflections in detailed journals that spanned several decades. Lister's writings explored themes of gender, sexuality, and social life in the 19th century. She undertook several significant climbing expeditions in the English and Welsh mountains. Her contributions to both literature and the climbing community have established her legacy as a foundational figure in these fields.
Continue ReadingJames Buchanan
Served as the 15th President of the United States from 1857 to 1861. Held various political roles including serving as Secretary of State under President James K. Polk. Worked as a lawyer and represented Pennsylvania in the House of Representatives and the Senate. Actively involved in the Democratic Party and sought to maintain peace between the North and South prior to the Civil War.
Continue ReadingPeople Who Died in 1791 (View all 17)
William Williams Pantycelyn
A prominent Welsh composer and poet, he significantly contributed to the development of Welsh hymnody. His most famous work includes the hymn 'Guide Me, O Thou Great Jehovah'. Born in 1717, his writings played a crucial role in the Methodist revival in Wales. He also worked as a preacher and wrote numerous hymns that are still sung today in Welsh chapels.
Continue ReadingJohn Wesley
An English cleric and theologian, played a pivotal role in the religious movement that led to the establishment of Methodism. Through preaching and organizing, this figure emphasized the need for personal faith and social justice. Initiated outdoor preaching, reaching diverse audiences and establishing Methodist societies. Authored numerous theological works, with 'Complete Works' being a significant compilation of teachings and sermons. His influence extended beyond theology into social reform, promoting education and healthcare.
Continue ReadingJohann Salomo Semler
Contributed to biblical criticism and historical methodology. Played a key role in the development of textual criticism of the Bible. Established the importance of historical context in understanding religious texts through his scholarly works. Helped lay the foundation for later developments in liberal theology and critical scholarship.
Continue ReadingHonoré Gabriel Riqueti
Born in 1749, a prominent figure during the French Revolution. Played a crucial role in the early days of the revolution, advocating for the Third Estate. Contributed to the drafting of the Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen. Engaged in various political discussions and negotiations, representing revolutionary ideals. His writings and speeches influenced the direction of revolutionary thought and action.
Continue ReadingRichard Price
Born in Wales, a minister and philosopher contributed significantly to moral philosophy and economic theory. In the 18th century, became an advocate for American independence, influencing public sentiment through speeches and writings. Authored several works on ethics, social justice, and political theory, including 'A Review of the Principal Questions and Difficulties in Religion.' Served as the first president of the Society for Moral Philosophy, promoting rational thought and ethical reasoning. Engaged in debates regarding the rights of man and reforms in government and society.
Continue ReadingFrancis Hopkinson
Served as a delegate to the Continental Congress and signed the Declaration of Independence. Contributed to the establishment of the United States as a nation. Appointed as a judge of the Admiralty for Pennsylvania. Played a key role in various legislative duties in the early years of American governance.
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