Born in 1821
James Longstreet
Served as a Confederate general during the American Civil War. Played a significant role in major battles including the Battle of Gettysburg and the Siege of Petersburg. Post-war, engaged in diplomatic efforts and promoted reconciliation between the North and South. Served as the U.S. Ambassador to the Ottoman Empire, contributing to American foreign relations in the late 19th century.
Continue ReadingJohn C. Breckinridge
Served as the 14th Vice President of the United States from 1857 to 1861. Preceded in office by William R. King, assumed office under President James Buchanan. Breckinridge was a member of the Democratic Party and had previously represented Kentucky in the U.S. House of Representatives and the Senate. During the American Civil War, served as a general in the Confederate Army, leading troops in several battles. After the war, resided in Cuba and later returned to practice law.
Continue ReadingJohn Chivington
Born in 1821, this individual served as a colonel during the American Civil War and was also a pastor. He played a significant role in military actions against Native American tribes, particularly the Sand Creek Massacre in 1864. The event involved troops attacking a peaceful encampment of Cheyenne and Arapaho, resulting in numerous casualties and raising ethical questions about military conduct and treatment of Native Americans. After the massacre, he faced both scorn and accolades for his actions, and his military career was marked by controversies related to his leadership decisions. Later in life, he continued his pastoral work, remaining a figure in Colorado history.
Continue ReadingElizabeth Blackwell
First woman to receive a medical degree in the United States, completing studies at Geneva Medical College in 1849. Founded the New York Infirmary for Women and Children in 1857, which provided medical care and education. Authored several books on medicine and health, contributing to medical education and public health.
Continue ReadingRoberto Bompiani
Born in 1821, this artist specialized in paintings and sculptures, focusing on historical and mythological themes. Significant works include 'The Death of Cleopatra' and 'The Rape of Europa'. Bompiani's work contributed to the Italian academic art movement of the 19th century. He was also a professor at the Academy of Fine Arts in Rome, impacting the education of future artists.
Continue ReadingAuguste Mariette
Pioneered Egyptian archaeology during the 19th century. Founded the Egyptian Museum in Cairo, which became a critical repository for ancient artifacts. Conducted extensive excavations at key archaeological sites such as Saqqara, where significant discoveries related to the Old Kingdom were made. His efforts to preserve Egypt's cultural heritage were instrumental in advancing the field of archaeology.
Continue ReadingHeinrich Barth
Conducted extensive explorations in North and West Africa during the 19th century. Barth embarked on a journey from Tripoli to Timbuktu, which lasted from 1850 to 1855. Through this expedition, valuable geographical, ethnographic, and linguistic knowledge was gathered, significantly contributing to the understanding of African cultures and geography. Barth published several works detailing his travels, including 'Travels and Discoveries in North and Central Africa'. His research greatly influenced European perspectives of Africa during that era.
Continue ReadingLola Montez
Originated from Ireland, an actress and dancer gained notoriety in the mid-19th century through performances in Europe and America. Best recognized for the exotic dance known as the 'Spider Dance,' which captivated audiences and led to controversial fame. Involved in various affairs, including a notable relationship with King Ludwig I of Bavaria, which eventually resulted in her influence over his court. Her career took her across different countries, and her presence contributed to theatrical culture during a vibrant period for performing arts.
Continue ReadingAugust Schleicher
A linguist and academic contributed significantly to the field of comparative linguistics. Developed the Stammbaumtheorie, or family tree model of language evolution, illustrating relationships between languages. This work laid foundational principles for future linguistic studies. Engaged in teaching at various institutions and published works that influenced the understanding of language development. His contributions extended to studying the Indo-European languages, adding depth to historical linguistics. Actively participated in scholarly communities and exchanged ideas with contemporaries.
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