What Happened This Year 1831

Born in 1831

Grigorios Maraslis

Greek philanthropist and benefactor
Born
1831 194 years ago
Died
May 1st, 1907 117 years ago — 76 years old

Maraslis established various charitable institutions in Greece, primarily focusing on education and social services. He played a significant role in funding educational initiatives, particularly in supporting the establishment of schools and libraries. His contributions also included support for cultural and artistic endeavors, facilitating the advancement of local arts. His efforts aimed to improve the living conditions and opportunities for many in his community.

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John Schofield

American general and Secretary of War
Born
1831 194 years ago
Died
March 4th, 1906 119 years ago — 75 years old

A prominent figure in the American military and political arena, served as the 28th Secretary of War from 1868 to 1869. Led troops in several significant battles during the Civil War, including the Battle of Wilson’s Creek and the Atlanta Campaign. After the war, held various military commands and participated in the Reconstruction efforts, overseeing military districts in the South. Played a crucial role in the negotiations surrounding the impeachment of President Andrew Johnson, advocating for leniency in dealing with the South post-war.

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Xianfeng

Emperor of China during Qing Dynasty
Born
1831 194 years ago
Died
August 22nd, 1861 163 years ago — 30 years old

Ascended the throne in 1850 at the young age of 19 during a tumultuous period marked by social unrest and foreign invasions. His reign was characterized by internal strife, notably the Taiping Rebellion, which lasted from 1850 to 1864. This conflict severely weakened the Qing Dynasty and led to significant loss of life and economic instability. The Opium Wars also unfolded during this time, initiating foreign interventions that challenged China's sovereignty. The emperor struggled to modernize the military and administrative systems to counter these pressures. His efforts, however, were limited in scope and effectiveness. Xianfeng passed away in 1861, leaving a kingdom in crisis and paving the way for the eventual fall of the Qing dynasty.

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Isabella Bird

English explorer and writer
Born
1831 194 years ago
Died
October 7th, 1904 120 years ago — 73 years old

A prominent 19th-century explorer and writer, this individual traveled extensively, documenting her journeys in various regions including the American West, India, and Japan. These travels were detailed in her writings, which provided insights into the cultures and landscapes encountered. The work 'A Lady's Life in the Rocky Mountains' portrayed experiences in Colorado and has been recognized for its narrative style and detailed observations. This person was also the first woman to be elected a Fellow of the Royal Geographical Society.

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Clement Studebaker

Businessman, co-founder of Studebaker
Born
1831 194 years ago
Died
November 27th, 1901 123 years ago — 70 years old

Co-founded the Studebaker Corporation, which became one of the largest manufacturers of horse-drawn vehicles in the 19th century. Studebaker transitioned the company to automobile manufacturing, contributing to the rise of the automotive industry in America. The company was known for its high-quality vehicles and innovation in design and production methods. Throughout his career, played a significant role in the expansion of the company, which became a significant entity in American transportation.

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Juan Santamaría

Costa Rican soldier and national hero
Born
1831 194 years ago
Died
April 11th, 1856 168 years ago — 25 years old

A soldier from Costa Rica, played a significant role in the Battle of Rivas during the Filibuster War in 1856. This battle was part of the efforts to resist William Walker's invasion of Central America. Santamaría is heralded for his bravery and sacrifice, ultimately dying in combat. His actions contributed to the defeat of Walker's forces, establishing him as a national symbol of bravery in Costa Rica.

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Ebenezer Cobb Morley

Sportsman and founder of the FA
Born
1831 194 years ago
Died
November 20th, 1924 100 years ago — 93 years old

A sportsman played a pivotal role in the development of modern football, establishing the Football Association in 1863 to create standardized rules for the game. In addition to founding the FA, organized various matches and promoted the sport throughout England. His efforts contributed significantly to the structure and governance of football, allowing for the sport's growth and popularization across the country.

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Sitting Bull

Hunkpapa Lakota chief and leader
Born
1831 194 years ago
Died
December 15th, 1890 134 years ago — 59 years old

A Hunkpapa Lakota tribal chief, played a pivotal role in resisting United States government policies towards Native Americans. Advocated for the rights and traditions of his people, and became a symbol of Native American resistance. Championed the return of the Lakota to their ancestral lands and led his people during the Great Sioux War. Fought in the Battle of Little Bighorn against General Custer's forces, resulting in a significant victory for the Lakota and their allies. Later, captured and ultimately surrendered, Sitting Bull spent time in captivity before his eventual release.

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