Born in 1842
Clarence King
Contributed significantly to American geology during the 19th century. Led the geological survey of the 40th parallel, which explored the western United States. Authored 'Mountaineering in the Sierra Nevada', detailing climbs and the area's geology. Served as the first director of the U.S. Geological Survey. Involved in various scientific and literary pursuits, contributing articles to publications on geology and mountaineering. Engaged in discussions about race and science, and criticized pseudoscientific views of the time.
Continue ReadingLuigi Pigorini
Luigi Pigorini contributed significantly to the fields of paleontology, archaeology, and ethnography in Italy. Pigorini studied prehistoric artifacts and was instrumental in establishing modern archaeological techniques. He founded the Italian Society of Anthropology and Ethnology. His work included excavating important sites and conducting research on the origins of ancient populations. Pigorini also wrote extensively on paleolithic and neolithic periods, offering insights into human development and culture. His studies laid the groundwork for future research in these disciplines.
Continue ReadingWilliam James
Contributed significantly to psychology and philosophy, emphasizing the functionalist perspective. Served as a professor at Harvard University, where influential lectures and writings shaped modern psychology. Introduced the concept of stream of consciousness and advocated for pragmatism as a philosophical approach. Published notable works including 'The Principles of Psychology' and 'The Varieties of Religious Experience'.
Continue ReadingJosef Breuer
Pioneered psychoanalysis alongside Sigmund Freud. Developed the 'talking cure,’ effectively using conversation in psychotherapeutic treatment. Conducted research on hysteria and published works analyzing its effects, significantly contributing to the understanding of psychological disorders. His collaboration with Freud laid the groundwork for modern psychotherapy. Also contributed to the field of psychosomatic medicine.
Continue ReadingMary MacKillop
Born in 1842, a significant religious figure co-founded the Sisters of St Joseph of the Sacred Heart, aiming to address the educational needs of rural children in Australia. Established schools and charitable organizations, advocating for social justice and the improvement of living conditions for the impoverished. Canonized as a saint in 2010 by the Catholic Church, recognized as Australia's first saint. Contributed to the development of Catholic education in Australia, emphasizing the importance of accessibility to education for all.
Continue ReadingA. A. Ames
Born in 1842, this individual served as a physician and held the position of Mayor of Minneapolis. The mayoralty spanned significant local developments and efforts in public health and urban governance. The tenure contributed to shaping the administrative and civic landscape of the city during a transformative period.
Continue ReadingFrançois Coppée
Born in 1842, this individual became a prominent French poet and author. With a background in literature and a penchant for depicting the struggles of everyday life, this writer gained recognition for both poetry and prose. The literary contributions spanned several genres, with significant works including 'Le Pater', a reflection on the Lord's Prayer, which resonated deeply with audiences. The author's engagement with themes of faith, love, and the human condition established a lasting legacy in French literature.
Continue ReadingArkhip Kuindzhi
Born in 1842, a Ukrainian-Russian painter specialized in landscape art, capturing the beauty of nature with a unique use of light and color. Early career involved working as a restorer and an illustrator before gaining recognition for significant works. Inspired by the natural landscapes of the Russian countryside, produced a variety of iconic paintings that exemplified the influence of light on the environment. Invited to exhibit at major art exhibitions, including the Society for Traveling Art Exhibitions. A member of the Moscow School of Painting, Sculpture and Architecture and later became a professor at the same institution, shaping future generations of artists. His legacy includes recognizable pieces that continue to be studied and celebrated in art history.
Continue ReadingJulian Sochocki
Born in 1842, this Polish-Russian mathematician made significant contributions to the field of mathematics, particularly in theory development. His academic career was marked by work at various institutions where he focused on advancing mathematical knowledge. His research influenced subsequent generations of mathematicians and contributed to the establishment of several mathematical principles still studied today.
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