What Happened This Year 1856

Historical Events from This Year 1856

Military & Warfare

Marines Drive Off Indian Attackers in Seattle

January 26th, 1856 169 years ago

Marines from the USS Decatur defended settlements in Seattle against a coordinated attack by American Indian forces. The conflict was intense, lasting throughout the day, as settlers faced threats to their homes and lives from indigenous groups. The Marines' timely intervention helped repel the attackers and secured the area for the white settlers, reinforcing military presence in the Pacific Northwest during a time of rising tensions.

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Military & Warfare

Establishment of the Victoria Cross

January 29th, 1856 169 years ago

Queen Victoria issued a Warrant to establish the Victoria Cross, a distinguished military honor. This recognition aimed to honor acts of bravery during the ongoing Crimean War, a conflict involving forces from the British Empire against Russia. The Victoria Cross would soon become one of the most prestigious awards for valor in the British military, symbolizing extraordinary courage and sacrifice on the battlefield.

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Politics & Government

British Annexation of Awadh and Deposition of Wajid Ali Shah

February 11th, 1856 169 years ago

The British East India Company annexed the Kingdom of Awadh, deposing King Wajid Ali Shah. Following a series of administrative failures and military pressures, the Company imposed direct rule over Awadh, leading to significant political changes. The annexation was justified by the British on grounds of maladministration, which set off debates about sovereignty and colonial rule in India. The deposed king was taken to exile, altering local governance and control.

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Politics & Government

Republican Party's First National Convention

February 22nd, 1856 169 years ago

The United States Republican Party held its inaugural national convention in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, where delegates convened to establish the party's platform and select candidates for the upcoming presidential election. The convention aimed to unify various factions opposed to the expansion of slavery and was instrumental in shaping the party's identity and goals. Key figures from across the nation gathered to address pressing issues, marking a significant moment in American political history.

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Military & Warfare

End of the Crimean War with Treaty of Paris

March 30th, 1856 168 years ago

The Treaty of Paris was signed, officially concluding the Crimean War, which had lasted from 1853 to 1856. The key signatories included the Russian Empire, the Ottoman Empire, France, Britain, and Sardinia. Negotiations were held in Paris, and the treaty aimed to restore peace and balance of power in Europe. The treaty was necessitated by the ongoing tensions between the Russian Empire and a coalition of Western powers, which included Britain and France. The war had highlighted significant military and technological advancements, and the signing marked a major geopolitical shift.

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Military & Warfare

Juan Santamaría Burns Walker's Hostel

April 11th, 1856 168 years ago

Juan Santamaría, a Costa Rican soldier, set fire to the hostel in Rivas, Nicaragua, where the filibuster troops of William Walker were holed up. This act of bravery marked a significant moment in the fight against Walker's invasion. Santamaría's actions were driven by a desire to liberate Central America from foreign invasions bolstered by Walker's attempts to establish control. The burning of the hostel served as both a tactical maneuver and a symbol of resistance against Walker's forces.

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Social Movements & Civil Rights

Melbourne's Stonemasons Demand an Eight-Hour Day

April 21st, 1856 168 years ago

Stonemasons and building workers in Melbourne marched from the University of Melbourne to Parliament House advocating for an eight-hour workday. This significant event highlighted the labor movement's push for better working conditions and reasonable hours. The passionate demonstration aimed to secure legal recognition of the eight-hour workday, showcasing the growing strength of organized labor in the region.

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Politics & Government

Lawrence, Kansas Burned by Pro-Slavery Forces

May 21st, 1856 168 years ago

Pro-slavery forces attacked and burned Lawrence, Kansas, a stronghold of anti-slavery sentiment, on May 21, 1856. This violent incursion was part of the larger conflict known as 'Bleeding Kansas,' which involved pro-slavery and anti-slavery factions fighting for control over the territory. The attackers, often referred to as 'border ruffians,' were intent on suppressing abolitionist activities in the city and demonstrated the escalating tensions in the region over the issue of slavery. The attack led to significant destruction, impacting the community's infrastructure and further polarizing the nation on the eve of the Civil War.

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Politics & Government

Violent Assault in the Senate Chambers

May 22nd, 1856 168 years ago

Congressman Preston Brooks attacked Senator Charles Sumner with a cane in the Senate following Sumner's anti-slavery speech. The incident escalated tensions between pro-slavery and anti-slavery factions, highlighting deep political divides. Brooks, outraged by Sumner's remarks that criticized Southern slaveholders, struck Sumner repeatedly until he was incapacitated. This brutal confrontation occurred in front of other senators, leaving a lasting mark on American politics and the upcoming Civil War.

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