What Happened This Year 1860

Historical Events from This Year 1860 (View all 28)

Politics & Government

Introduction of the First Polish Postage Stamp

January 1st, 1860 165 years ago

The issuance of the first Polish postage stamp marked a significant step in establishing national identity, as it replaced the Russian stamps that had been in use. This change empowered Polish citizens by symbolizing a move towards self-governance and national autonomy. The new stamp featured distinct designs, reflecting Polish culture and aspirations. Its launch was celebrated widely across regions where Polish speakers resided, reinforcing a sense of collective identity.

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Politics & Government

Lincoln's Influential Speech at Cooper Union

February 27th, 1860 165 years ago

Abraham Lincoln delivered a pivotal speech at Cooper Union in New York City, which significantly shaped his political future. Attended by a crowd of notable figures, Lincoln addressed the pressing issues of slavery and the Union's future. His articulate arguments and reliance on historical references garnered widespread attention, and the speech effectively positioned him as a prime candidate for the upcoming presidential election. This speech is credited with building support among the Northerners, making it a turning point in his political career.

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Politics & Government

Referendums in Northern Italy for Union

March 5th, 1860 165 years ago

In March 1860, the provinces of Parma, Tuscany, Modena, and Romagna held referendums in which the residents voted to join the Kingdom of Sardinia. This significant move was part of the broader Risorgimento movement aimed at Italian unification. Citizens expressed overwhelming support for annexation, seeing it as a pathway towards national integration and reform. These provinces, previously under foreign rule or fragmented governance, saw this moment as crucial for establishing a unified Italian state and improving local governance.

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Military & Warfare

First Taranaki War Commences in New Zealand

March 17th, 1860 164 years ago

The First Taranaki War began in New Zealand between local Māori tribes and British colonial forces. The conflict arose over land disputes in the Taranaki region, particularly a contentious sale of land to the New Zealand Company. Tensions escalated when colonial troops, under Governor Thomas Gore Browne, attempted to assert control over the area and build a fort, leading to armed resistance from the Māori leader, Wiremu Kīngi. This clash marked the beginning of a significant phase in the New Zealand Wars, reflecting underlying issues of sovereignty and land ownership.

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Politics & Government

Assassination of Ii Naosuke at Sakuradamon

March 24th, 1860 164 years ago

Ii Naosuke, the chief minister of Japan, was assassinated by rōnin samurai outside the Sakurada Gate of Edo Castle. This was a politically charged event, as Naosuke's governance had been controversial, particularly due to his pro-Western policies. The attack was carried out by a group of samurai who opposed his leadership and sought to restore the power of the shogunate. The incident underscored the growing discontent among traditional forces against modernization efforts.

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Military & Warfare

The Battle of Waireka Erupts in Taranaki

March 28th, 1860 164 years ago

The Battle of Waireka marked a pivotal clash between British forces and Māori warriors during the First Taranaki War. Taking place in New Plymouth, the battle began as a response to tensions over land rights and growing conflicts between the two groups. The British sought to assert authority in the region, while local Māori, led by Te Teira and his allies, aimed to defend their land. This confrontation showcased the complexities of colonial rule and indigenous resistance, highlighting the deep-seated issues that defined the era.

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Born in 1860 (View all 132)

Michele Lega

Italian cardinal and church leader
Born
January 1st, 1860 165 years ago
Died
1935 90 years ago — 75 years old

Born in 1860, this individual served as a prominent cardinal in the Catholic Church. Elevated to cardinal in 1921, he played key roles within various congregations and participated in papal conclaves. His leadership contributed to the church's activities during a transformative period in Italy as well as in the broader Catholic community. Engagements included overseeing important diocesan functions and participating in international church affairs.

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Dugald Campbell Patterson

Canadian engineer and inventor
Born
January 2nd, 1860 165 years ago
Died
1931 94 years ago — 71 years old

An engineer and inventor, this individual made significant contributions to the field of electrical engineering. Graduated from the University of Toronto and worked extensively with various companies, focusing on machinery and electrical systems. Developed innovative systems that improved efficiency in industrial processes. Played a pivotal role in electrification initiatives that transformed Canada's energy landscape, particularly in Quebec. Actively engaged in engineering societies, promoting advancements in engineering education and practices.

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William Corless Mills

Historian and curator with a focus on American history
Born
January 2nd, 1860 165 years ago
Died
1928 97 years ago — 68 years old

A historian and curator, contributed to the understanding of American history through extensive research and writing. Played a significant role in organizing historical collections and exhibitions. Served as a curator in various institutions, enhancing public access to historical artifacts and documents. Focused on promoting historical education and awareness among the public.

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Morton Selten

British actor in 'The Last of Mrs. Cheyney'
Born
January 6th, 1860 165 years ago
Died
1939 86 years ago — 79 years old

Born in 1860, an actor achieved recognition in the early 20th century through performances in London's West End. Achieved acclaim for roles in various plays and films, particularly remembered for the role in 'The Last of Mrs. Cheyney.' Had a career that spanned several decades, showcasing talents in both theater and film.

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Emma Booth-Tucker

English author and activist
Born
January 8th, 1860 165 years ago
Died
1903 122 years ago — 43 years old

An English author and evangelist, contributed significantly to the Salvation Army’s mission. Played a key role in establishing the Salvation Army in the United States and wrote extensively on spirituality and faith. Authored several books, which included insights on social issues of the time. Her works emphasized the importance of service and compassion, reflecting the ethos of the Salvation Army's efforts in communities.

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Charles G. D. Roberts

Canadian poet; author of 'The Viking's Song'
Born
January 10th, 1860 165 years ago
Died
1943 82 years ago — 83 years old

A prominent Canadian poet and author contributed significantly to Canadian literature in the early 20th century. Associated with the Confederation Poets, which represented Canada's literary emergence, produced numerous volumes of poetry and prose. Often celebrated for depicting nature and Canadian themes, included works such as 'The Vagrant of the Dawn' and 'The Viking's Song'. Also played a role in fostering Canadian nationalism through literature, participating in literary circles that encouraged the development of a national identity. Served as a professor of English at the University of New Brunswick.

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People Who Died in 1860 (View all 40)

John Neumann

Czech-American bishop and saint
Born
March 28th, 1811 213 years ago
Died
January 5th, 1860 165 years ago — 48 years old

A Czech-American bishop significantly contributed to the Catholic Church in the United States during the 19th century. Ordained as a priest in Europe, he immigrated to the United States, where he served in various parishes. He became the fourth bishop of Philadelphia, focusing on education and the establishment of Catholic schools. His pastoral work emphasized the importance of spiritual and educational development within the community. Canonized as a saint in 1977, he is commemorated for his dedication and commitment to the Church and the immigrant population.

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Wilhelmine Schröder-Devrient

Opera singer with notable performances
Born
1804 221 years ago
Died
January 26th, 1860 165 years ago — 56 years old

An influential opera singer, primarily associated with the German opera scene. Active during the 19th century, she gained prominence for her performances in operas such as 'Der Freischütz' and 'Lohengrin.' Renowned for her powerful voice and dramatic interpretations, she contributed significantly to the popularization of opera in Germany. Her career included significant roles at major opera houses, where she captivated audiences with her talent. Her artistry set a standard for future generations of opera singers.

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János Bolyai

Mathematician, creator of non-Euclidean geometry
Born
1802 223 years ago
Died
January 27th, 1860 165 years ago — 58 years old

A mathematician contributed significantly to the field of geometry. Independently developed non-Euclidean geometry, providing a new perspective on the nature of space. Published the work 'Appendix Scientiam Spatii Absolute Veram' in 1832, which outlined the theory and its implications. His research laid foundational groundwork for future mathematical theories and influenced various scientific fields.

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Carl Ritter von Ghega

Italian engineer, Semmering railway architect
Born
January 10th, 1802 223 years ago
Died
March 14th, 1860 165 years ago — 58 years old

An Italian engineer was instrumental in the design of the Semmering railway, one of the first mountain railways in the world. This engineering feat, completed in 1854, distinctly showcased innovative construction techniques adapted for challenging terrains. The railway became a pivotal development in railway transportation, connecting the regions of Vienna and Trieste, and significantly contributed to the expansion of the rail network in Europe during the 19th century. His work also influenced subsequent civil engineering projects in mountainous areas.

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James Braid

Scottish surgeon and hypnosis pioneer
Born
June 19th, 1795 229 years ago
Died
March 25th, 1860 164 years ago — 64 years old

A surgeon from Scotland, contributed significantly to the field of hypnosis. Developed the term 'hypnotism' and established the foundations of modern hypnotic techniques. Engaged in various experiments and studies related to the mind and its functions. His work laid critical groundwork for future exploration in psychology and the therapeutic use of hypnosis. Published influential writings that advanced understanding of suggestibility and psychological phenomena.

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James Kirke Paulding

American author and Secretary of the Navy
Born
August 22nd, 1778 246 years ago
Died
April 6th, 1860 164 years ago — 81 years old

An American author and politician served as the 11th United States Secretary of the Navy. His tenure as Secretary spanned from 1845 to 1846 during the presidency of James K. Polk. Contributed to literature through both fiction and non-fiction works, often reflecting on American society and politics. Wrote several works, including 'The Dutchman's Fireside' and 'Westward Ho!', which engaged with themes of American culture and history.

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