What Happened This Year 1861
People Who Died in 1861
Pedro V of Portugal
Born in 1837, ascended the throne in 1853 following the death of his father, Miguel I. He supported constitutional monarchy and social reforms in Portugal. During his reign, efforts were made to modernize the country, particularly regarding education and infrastructure. Health issues plagued his reign, and he died in 1861 under circumstances that raised concerns of the state of the monarchy at the time. His contributions to the transformation of Portugal into a modern state are notable during a period marked by political tumult.
Continue ReadingJean-Baptiste Henri Lacordaire
A prominent priest and activist contributed significantly to the revival of the Catholic faith in France during the 19th century. Founded the Dominican Order in France after its suppression during the French Revolution, promoting religious education and social justice. Delivered influential sermons that addressed societal issues, emphasizing the role of faith in public life. Advocated for the establishment of schools and institutions that fostered education and moral values. Engaged with contemporary political and social issues, participating actively in debates surrounding secularism and the role of the Church in society.
Continue ReadingWilliam Lyon Mackenzie
A journalist and politician, made significant contributions to the early governance of Canada. Became the first Mayor of Toronto in 1834. Advocated for democratic reform and was a leading figure in the Upper Canada Rebellion of 1837, which aimed to achieve responsible government. After the rebellion, faced exile in the United States but continued to be active in political discourse.
Continue ReadingArthur Hugh Clough
Born in 1819, this poet and academic contributed significantly to English literature. A significant figure in the Victorian era, he is recognized for pioneering modern poetic forms and themes. Educated at Rugby School and Oriel College, Oxford, he held various academic positions, including the role of a lecturer. His most notable work, 'The Bothie of Tober-na-Vuolich,' illustrates his unique style and philosophical insight through a narrative poem format. Throughout his life, he engaged with the cultural and intellectual currents of his time, influencing subsequent generations of writers and thinkers.
Continue ReadingPrince Consort of the United Kingdom
Born in 1819, served as the Prince Consort to Queen Victoria of the United Kingdom. A strong advocate for education and arts, he played a significant role in the advancement of the royal family's public image and cultural influence. He was instrumental in the establishment of the Great Exhibition of 1851, which showcased industrial and artistic innovation. Additionally, he promoted various social reforms and improvements in public health and education during his tenure.
Continue ReadingFrancis Danby
An Irish painter active during the Romantic era, focused primarily on landscape painting. Initially studied in Ireland, later moved to England where he became part of the art scene in London. His work often depicted dramatic skies and emotional scenes, capturing the beauty of nature. Produced several notable works, including 'The Deluge' and 'The Bard'. Danby’s use of light and color influenced many subsequent artists.
Continue ReadingGeorgius Jacobus Johannes van Os
Born in 1782, a prominent Dutch painter specialized in floral still lifes. Van Os studied under notable artists and developed a unique style characterized by vibrant colors and detailed depictions of flowers. His works often featured intricate arrangements and were widely appreciated in his time. In the early 19th century, he gained recognition in the art community and received commissions for various significant projects.
Continue ReadingGeorge Derby
Served as a lieutenant in the United States Army, participating in the Mexican-American War. Later transitioned into journalism, contributing to various publications. Gained recognition for his satirical writings, particularly in the San Francisco Golden Era. Developed a reputation as a keen observer of society, blending humor with insightful commentary. Engaged in activities that promoted literary culture during his lifetime.
Continue ReadingXianfeng Emperor
Ruled as the Xianfeng Emperor from 1850 to 1861 during a tumultuous period in the Qing Dynasty. His reign was marked by internal strife, including the Second Opium War against Britain and France, which resulted in significant territorial losses and the Treaty of Tientsin. Encountered challenges from various uprisings, notably the Taiping Rebellion, which posed a serious threat to the dynasty's stability. The emperor's efforts to modernize the military and government structures were limited by conservative resistance and external pressures.
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