What Happened This Year 1863
Historical Events from This Year 1863 (View all 94)
Emancipation Proclamation Enacted in the South
The Emancipation Proclamation took effect, declaring that all enslaved people in Confederate-held territory were to be freed. Issued by President Abraham Lincoln, this decisive measure aimed to weaken the Confederacy and bolster the Union's moral stance in the Civil War. Although it did not immediately free all enslaved individuals, it marked a significant turning point in the legal status of enslaved people in the United States. The proclamation's impact extended beyond immediate freedom, as it encouraged many enslaved individuals to escape to Union lines.
Continue ReadingUnion Victory at Stones River Battle
The Battle of Stones River culminated in a Union victory as the Confederate Army of Tennessee, led by General Braxton Bragg, was effectively repulsed by the Army of the Cumberland under General William S. Rosecrans. This three-day battle, fought in Tennessee, involved heavy engagements and significant troop movements, resulting in a critical strategic advantage for the Union forces in the Western Theater of the American Civil War. The fierce fighting highlighted the resilience and determination of both armies, with the Union forces ultimately maintaining their ground against repeated assaults.
Continue ReadingEstablishment of the New Apostolic Church
The New Apostolic Church was founded in Hamburg, Germany, as a Christian chiliastic church. It emerged from the teachings of the Catholic Apostolic Church, with a focus on the imminent return of Christ and the establishment of God's kingdom on Earth. The movement, led by prominent figures, sought to reestablish apostolic traditions and promote spiritual renewal among believers. Its origins reflect the broader religious revival movements of the 19th century, addressing the spiritual needs of many in a rapidly changing society.
Continue ReadingDecisive Encounter at Second Battle of Springfield
The Second Battle of Springfield was a significant confrontation during the American Civil War, taking place in January at Springfield, Missouri. It involved the Union forces under the command of Brigadier General John McNeil and Confederate troops led by General William L. Cabell. The Union army sought to maintain control over southwestern Missouri, which had strategic importance. The battle saw fierce fighting as McNeil aimed to thwart Cabell's offensive maneuvers, ultimately leading to a decisive Union victory, which reinforced their hold on the region.
Continue ReadingLondon Underground Railway Commences Operations
The Metropolitan Railway, the world's first underground railway, began operations connecting Paddington Station to Farringdon Station. This innovative transportation system was established to alleviate road congestion and provide a rapid transit option for commuters. On its opening day, the railway was met with great enthusiasm, accommodating thousands of passengers eager for the new travel experience. The initial section spanned a distance of approximately 3.75 miles and utilized steam locomotives to pull wooden carriages, incorporating various engineering innovations to navigate London's urban landscape.
Continue ReadingUnion Victory at Arkansas Post
The Union captured Fort Hindman after a three-day battle, led by General John McClernand and Admiral David Dixon Porter. This significant engagement resulted in the Union securing control of the Arkansas River. The attack showcased the Union's strategy to gain vital waterways to disrupt Confederate movements and supply lines.
Continue ReadingBorn in 1863 (View all 126)
Pierre de Coubertin
An educator and historian focused on educational reform in France. Advocated for the revival of the ancient Olympic Games. Established the International Olympic Committee in 1894, leading to the first modern Olympics held in Athens in 1896. Promoted physical education and sports as a means of character building and global unity.
Continue ReadingAnna Murray Vail
Vail contributed significantly to botany and education in the United States. She served as the first librarian of the New York Botanical Garden, where she developed and organized the library's resources to support scientific research and education. Vail also engaged in plant classification and contributed to the understanding of native flora. Her efforts helped to establish the garden as a leading center for botanical studies.
Continue ReadingSwami Vivekananda
A key figure in the introduction of Indian philosophies of Vedanta and Yoga to the Western world. Played a significant role in the revival of Hinduism in India and the promotion of a universal approach to spirituality. Delivered a historic speech at the Parliament of the World's Religions in Chicago in 1893, emphasizing tolerance and the acceptance of diverse religious practices. Founded the Ramakrishna Mission to provide social service and spiritual education. His teachings emphasized the importance of self-realization and the divinity within every individual.
Continue ReadingManuel de Oliveira Gomes da Costa
Served as the 10th President of Portugal from 1926 to 1927. Started a military career that included participating in various campaigns and eventual promotion through the ranks. Played a key role in the 1926 coup d'état that led to the establishment of a military dictatorship in Portugal. Focused on stabilizing the country during a period of turmoil and political instability.
Continue ReadingRichard F. Outcault
An American author and illustrator, recognized for creating the comic strip The Yellow Kid, which became a significant part of the development of the comic strip genre. The character of The Yellow Kid first appeared in the New York World in 1895, contributing to the rise of yellow journalism in American media. Outcault's work helped popularize the comic strip format, influencing future generations of artists and writers. In addition to The Yellow Kid, other notable works included Buster Brown, which further established Outcault's reputation in the field of cartooning.
Continue ReadingWilhelm Marx
Born in 1863, this individual served as the 17th Chancellor of Germany. During tenure from 1926 to 1928, policies were influenced by post-World War I recovery needs and internal political dynamics. A lawyer by training, played a significant role in legal and political frameworks during the Weimar Republic. Engaged in various legislative reforms and contributed to financial stabilization efforts amid economic challenges.
Continue ReadingPeople Who Died in 1863 (View all 43)
Roger Hanson
Served as a general in the Confederate Army during the American Civil War. Commanded the 38th Virginia Infantry and played a significant role in various battles including First Manassas and Gettysburg. Died from wounds sustained at Gettysburg, marking a notable moment in the conflict.
Continue ReadingLyman Beecher
A prominent minister and theological educator, contributed significantly to the social reform movements in the early 19th century. Co-founded the American Temperance Society, advocating for the reduction of alcohol consumption. Served as president of the Lane Theological Seminary, influencing many future ministers and social reformers. Engaged in various public debates, emphasizing the importance of moral education and societal virtue.
Continue ReadingHorace Vernet
A prominent French painter associated with the depiction of military scenes and historical events. Vernet was a prominent figure in the 19th-century art scene, gaining recognition for his detailed and dynamic representations of battles. His works were characterized by their realism and dramatic composition. He was appointed as a painter for the French army, which allowed him to create an extensive body of work focused on military history. Besides battle scenes, he also produced landscapes and equestrian portraits. His contributions to art not only preserved a visual record of the military but also influenced future generations of artists.
Continue ReadingSir James Outram
Served as a British general during the 19th century. Participated in several military campaigns including the First Anglo-Afghan War, where significant actions took place in Afghanistan. Played key roles in the Second Sikh War and particularly noted for leadership at the Battle of Gujrat. Received the title of Baronet for military services.
Continue ReadingEdwin Vose Sumner
Served as a general in the Union Army during the American Civil War. Held command in the Department of the Pacific before leading troops in several key battles. Participated in the Battle of Bull Run and commanded the II Corps during the Battle of Antietam. Appointed a brigadier general in 1861, later promoted to major general. His leadership contributed to various military strategies and engagements in the war.
Continue ReadingLudwig Emil Grimm
Led a successful career as a painter and engraver. Specialized in fairy tale illustrations, contributing artwork for the Brothers Grimm's stories. Worked in watercolor and printmaking, creating detailed and imaginative images that brought stories to life. His artistic style influenced the visual representation of folklore during the 19th century. Established a reputation for being a significant illustrator of German children's literature.
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