What Happened This Year 1868
Born in 1868
Arnold Sommerfeld
Contributions to quantum mechanics and atomic theory have been significant in the field of physics. Introduced the Sommerfeld fine-structure constant, enhancing the understanding of spectral lines. Served as a professor at the Technical University of Munich, influencing many prominent physicists. Wrote several influential textbooks on theoretical physics, helping to shape future generations of scientists.
Continue ReadingFritz Haber
Born in 1868, a chemist contributed significantly to the development of chemical processes and agricultural practices. Developed the Haber-Bosch process for synthesizing ammonia from nitrogen and hydrogen, which revolutionized fertilizer production. This process greatly influenced agricultural productivity worldwide. In 1918, awarded the Nobel Prize in Chemistry for this work. Additionally, worked on chemical warfare during World War I, which sparked ethical controversies surrounding scientific contributions to warfare. Died in 1934.
Continue ReadingGeorge W. Fuller
Contributions to the field of sanitary engineering included significant developments in water purification processes. Designed and implemented the first modern water filtration system using sand and gravel in 1897. Worked on the initiation of the first water treatment plants in the United States, improving public health through effective water treatment strategies. Published extensively on water purification, laying the groundwork for modern environmental engineering practices.
Continue ReadingJaan Tõnisson
Contributed to the Estonian independence movement and served as the second Prime Minister of Estonia. Played a key role in the establishment of the Estonian state, promoting social and legal reforms. Worked as a journalist and a lawyer, influencing public opinion and policy during the early 20th century. Had a prominent career in the Riigikogu, the Estonian parliament, and engaged in various political initiatives aimed at shaping the nation's future.
Continue ReadingCharles Harvey Bollman
Contributed significantly to the study of birds and natural history in the United States. Conducted extensive research on the avifauna of North America, particularly in the region of the Great Plains. Published numerous scientific papers and contributed to various ornithological collections. Worked closely with other naturalists and organizations to promote the understanding and conservation of natural habitats.
Continue ReadingEmanuel Lasker
A significant figure in the world of chess, this individual became the World Chess Champion in 1894, holding the title for 27 years until 1921. In addition to achievements in chess, contributions to mathematics and philosophy were made, especially in the realm of game theory and logic. The individual wrote several books on chess strategy, which influenced future generations of players. Active in academia, the individual also engaged in discussions that intertwined chess with wider philosophical concepts, illustrating the depth of strategic thinking. Later years focused on teaching and promoting chess, leaving a lasting legacy in both the chess community and intellectual circles.
Continue ReadingSteele Rudd
An author and playwright, this individual contributed significantly to Australian literature through humorous tales depicting rural life. The character of Dad and the associated stories became particularly popular, showcasing the quirks and charm of the Australian bush. Works were often serialized in newspapers, leading to heightened visibility and interest in the rural experience. Various publications and adaptations emphasized the character's relatability and comedic aspects, resonating with the audience of the time. The integration of local dialect and themes reflected cultural identity.
Continue ReadingAbdülmecid II
Served as the last Sultan of the Ottoman Empire from 1924 to 1922, and held the title of Caliph until 1924. Abdülmecid II was a prominent figure during the final years of the Ottoman Empire, overseeing its dissolution following World War I. After the abolition of the Sultanate, lived in exile in France until death. Abdülmecid II was known for his attempts to modernize the Ottoman state and promote cultural reforms, including support for arts and architecture.
Continue ReadingCamille Jenatzy
A Belgian race car driver gained prominence in the early 20th century. Pioneered automotive speed records, becoming the first individual to exceed 100 km/h in a vehicle. Achieved this record in 1899 with the electric vehicle known as La Jamais Contente. Competed in various international competitions, showcasing abilities in both endurance and speed. Contributed to the development of electric vehicle technology and racing innovation until untimely death.
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