What Happened This Year 1868
Born in 1868
Arnold Sommerfeld
Contributions to quantum mechanics and atomic theory have been significant in the field of physics. Introduced the Sommerfeld fine-structure constant, enhancing the understanding of spectral lines. Served as a professor at the Technical University of Munich, influencing many prominent physicists. Wrote several influential textbooks on theoretical physics, helping to shape future generations of scientists.
Continue ReadingFritz Haber
Born in 1868, a chemist contributed significantly to the development of chemical processes and agricultural practices. Developed the Haber-Bosch process for synthesizing ammonia from nitrogen and hydrogen, which revolutionized fertilizer production. This process greatly influenced agricultural productivity worldwide. In 1918, awarded the Nobel Prize in Chemistry for this work. Additionally, worked on chemical warfare during World War I, which sparked ethical controversies surrounding scientific contributions to warfare. Died in 1934.
Continue ReadingGeorge W. Fuller
Contributions to the field of sanitary engineering included significant developments in water purification processes. Designed and implemented the first modern water filtration system using sand and gravel in 1897. Worked on the initiation of the first water treatment plants in the United States, improving public health through effective water treatment strategies. Published extensively on water purification, laying the groundwork for modern environmental engineering practices.
Continue ReadingJaan Tõnisson
Contributed to the Estonian independence movement and served as the second Prime Minister of Estonia. Played a key role in the establishment of the Estonian state, promoting social and legal reforms. Worked as a journalist and a lawyer, influencing public opinion and policy during the early 20th century. Had a prominent career in the Riigikogu, the Estonian parliament, and engaged in various political initiatives aimed at shaping the nation's future.
Continue ReadingEmanuel Lasker
A significant figure in the world of chess, this individual became the World Chess Champion in 1894, holding the title for 27 years until 1921. In addition to achievements in chess, contributions to mathematics and philosophy were made, especially in the realm of game theory and logic. The individual wrote several books on chess strategy, which influenced future generations of players. Active in academia, the individual also engaged in discussions that intertwined chess with wider philosophical concepts, illustrating the depth of strategic thinking. Later years focused on teaching and promoting chess, leaving a lasting legacy in both the chess community and intellectual circles.
Continue ReadingCharles Harvey Bollman
Contributed significantly to the study of birds and natural history in the United States. Conducted extensive research on the avifauna of North America, particularly in the region of the Great Plains. Published numerous scientific papers and contributed to various ornithological collections. Worked closely with other naturalists and organizations to promote the understanding and conservation of natural habitats.
Continue ReadingFrank Watson Dyson
Contributed significantly to the field of astronomy, particularly in the study of comets and the measurement of stellar distances. Served as the Astronomer Royal from 1910 to 1933, overseeing key developments in British astronomy. Conducted research on the influence of the Sun on the Earth's atmosphere and took part in organizing the successful 1919 solar eclipse expedition, which provided evidence for Einstein's theory of general relativity. Published extensively on various topics within astronomy, influencing both theoretical and observational practices.
Continue ReadingEdward S. Curtis
An American ethnologist and photographer focused on the Native American cultures in the early 20th century. Developed a significant body of work that documented various tribes through photographic portraits and ethnographic studies. Created the multi-volume series 'The North American Indian' featuring detailed photographs and texts about Native American life, culture, and practices. His work was notable for its comprehensive approach to representation, documenting over 80 tribes across the United States. Curtis's dedication culminated in the preservation of many aspects of Native American heritage that faced extinction during this period.
Continue ReadingWilliam Lockwood
An English cricketer played primarily for Lancashire during the late 19th and early 20th centuries. Lockwood was a right-arm fast bowler and accomplished batsman, active in first-class cricket from 1886 to 1910. He gained recognition for his skills in both glory and adversity over the years. Lockwood took part in numerous important matches, helping to shape the early professional cricket landscape in England. His contributions included notable performances in the County Championship and various matches against international teams.
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