What Happened This Year 1875
Born in 1875
Vladimir Filatov
Born in 1875, a prominent ophthalmologist and surgeon developed innovative techniques in eye surgery. Significant contributions included the advancement of corneal transplantation. Conducted extensive research on eye diseases and established methods that enhanced surgical outcomes and patient care. Worked at various medical institutions, notably founding the Filatov Institute of Eye Diseases and Tissue Therapy in Odessa.
Continue ReadingMihály Károlyi
A Hungarian politician who served as the first President of the Hungarian Republic after World War I. Played a central role in the establishment of a democratic government following the collapse of the Austro-Hungarian Empire. Advocated for social reforms and the rights of workers, while facing significant internal and external challenges. Negotiated the Treaty of Trianon, which significantly reduced Hungary's territory and population. Resigned in 1919 amid political turmoil and was forced into exile until returning in later years.
Continue ReadingEnrique Larreta
An influential historian and author from Argentina, this individual contributed significantly to the study of Argentine literature and history. His most important work, 'Los Jardines de Córdoba', reflects a deep understanding of cultural history and aesthetics. Additionally, acted as the Argentine ambassador to France, promoting cultural exchanges and fostering relationships between the two nations. Engaged in literary circles and was a prominent member of the Argentine Academy of Letters.
Continue ReadingHarry Lawson
Born in 1875, served as the 27th Premier of Victoria from 1913 to 1914. His tenure was marked by significant social and economic reforms. Actively involved in the development of infrastructure and public services, which shaped the state’s growth during the early 20th century. Previously held various positions within the Victorian Parliament. Engaged in politics during a transformative period, contributing to both policy-making and legislative advancements.
Continue ReadingMaurice Ravel
A prominent figure in early 20th-century music, one contributed significantly to classical compositions. Born in the Basque region of France, created innovative works that merged classical and nationalistic elements. Known for intricate orchestration and distinctive melodies, compositions include the ballet 'Daphnis et Chloé' and the orchestral piece 'Boléro.' Worked as a conductor and was influenced by various musical styles, including jazz and Spanish music. His works often featured complex harmonies and rhythms, which helped shape modern classical music.
Continue ReadingZhang Zuolin
Born in 1875, held significant power during the early 20th century in China as a military leader and warlord in Manchuria. Established the Fengtian clique and controlled northeastern China, exerting influence over regional politics and military affairs. Engaged in conflicts during the warlord era, which was characterized by fragmentation of authority and numerous power struggles. Following years of conflicts, played a crucial role in the Beijing government, attempting to stabilize the region amidst ongoing chaos. Assassinated in 1928, his death marked the decline of the Fengtian clique's power and a pivotal moment in Chinese history.
Continue ReadingMax Abraham
Born in 1875, a Polish-German physicist and academic contributed significantly to the field of physics. Focused on kinetic theory and statistical mechanics, advanced understanding of gas properties through mathematical formulations. Worked at several institutions, influencing future generations of physicists through research and mentorship. Published numerous papers detailing findings on intermolecular forces and the behavior of gases. Actively participated in scientific communities, sharing knowledge and fostering collaboration among peers.
Continue ReadingSyngman Rhee
Born in 1875, a South Korean journalist and politician served as the first President of South Korea from 1948 to 1960. After receiving a Ph.D. from Princeton University, contributed to the independence movement against Japanese colonial rule. As President, focused on establishing a democratic government and managing the Korean War, aligning closely with the United States. His tenure was marked by political repression and controversy leading to widespread protests.
Continue ReadingAlbert Marquet
This painter emerged in the early 20th century as a significant figure in the Fauvism movement. Initially influenced by Impressionism, he developed a distinctive style characterized by bold colors and an emphasis on the effects of light. Marquet focused primarily on landscapes and still lifes, often depicting harbor scenes and urban views. His contributions to the world of art included his unique use of color and brushwork, which influenced future generations of painters. He exhibited at various salons, notably at the Salon d'Automne where Fauvism was first showcased, enhancing his reputation within the art community. Throughout his career, Marquet worked prolifically, producing over a thousand works before his death in 1947.
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