What Happened This Year 1881
Born in 1881
Richard C. Tolman
Contributed significantly to the field of physics and chemistry, particularly in thermodynamics and physical chemistry. Developed the concept of the Tolman length, which relates to the concept of surface tension in fluids. Worked on statistical mechanics and the theory of relativity, and made notable contributions to the understanding of the kinetic theory of gases. Served as a professor at the California Institute of Technology and as an advisor to the Manhattan Project during World War II.
Continue ReadingVäinö Tanner
A prominent politician associated with the Social Democratic Party of Finland, served as Prime Minister of Finland in the late 1940s. Played a significant role in Finnish politics during a time of post-war reconstruction and stabilization. Developed policies focused on social welfare and economic recovery. Held various governmental positions prior to premiership, influencing key legislative changes and party strategies. Contributed to the rebuilding of Finland's economy and civil society after World War II.
Continue ReadingFannie Charles Dillon
A prominent American composer contributed significantly to classical music. Dillon produced works that reflected the musical trends of her time. Education included training at several prestigious institutions, enhancing her compositional skills. She composed a variety of pieces including symphonic works, chamber music, and art songs. Dillon's compositions were performed by various orchestras and choirs, receiving attention in music circles.
Continue ReadingWalter Rudolf Hess
A Swiss physiologist and academic contributed significantly to the understanding of the brain and its functions. Conducted pioneering research on the hypothalamus, elucidating its role in regulating autonomic functions and behavior. Awarded the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 1949 for discoveries regarding the functional organization of the interbrain. Published numerous scientific papers and held prestigious academic positions throughout a distinguished career.
Continue ReadingEdith Nourse Rogers
Served as a member of the U.S. House of Representatives from Massachusetts for over 30 years. Played a key role in veterans' affairs, particularly for women’s service during and after World War II. Advocated for healthcare and educational benefits for veterans. Instrumental in the establishment of programs to assist veterans and their families.
Continue ReadingHermann Staudinger
A German chemist focused on the study of macromolecules and polymer chemistry. Achieved significant advancements in the understanding of synthetic and natural polymers. Conducted pioneering research on the structure and properties of polymers, contributing to the development of materials science. Received the Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 1953 for work on macromolecules, providing fundamental insights that shaped modern chemistry and materials engineering.
Continue ReadingRoger Martin du Gard
Born in 1881, a French novelist and paleographer gained prominence in the literary world. Authored the multi-volume novel "Les Thibaults," which explores themes of family dynamics and societal change in France during the early 20th century. Became a prominent literary figure in the 1930s and was awarded the Nobel Prize in Literature in 1937 for the quality and depth of his writing. His works often reflect the complexity of human relationships and the influence of social and historical contexts. Engaged actively in the literary community, contributing to the development of literary culture in France.
Continue ReadingLacey Hearn
Born in 1881, a notable American sprinter made significant achievements in athletics during the early 20th century. Competed in the 1904 Summer Olympics held in St. Louis, winning a bronze medal in the 200 meters. Additionally, participated in the 400 meters and contributed to the development and popularity of track and field sports in the United States. After retiring from competitive sports, remained involved in athletics through coaching and mentorship, fostering new generations of athletes.
Continue ReadingPatrick Henry Bruce
Born in 1881, this American painter played a significant role in the evolution of modern art. His academic tenure included teaching at the Art Students League in New York, fostering the talents of several prominent artists. In the early 20th century, he contributed to artistic movements like American Impressionism and was influenced by European avant-garde styles. His works often featured still life and abstraction, bridging traditional techniques with modern concepts. Exhibitions of his paintings were held at notable institutions, showcasing his artistry within the context of American modernism.
Continue Reading