What Happened This Year 1882
Born in 1882
Getúlio Vargas
Born in 1882, a lawyer and politician served as the 14th President of Brazil. First presidency spanned from 1930 to 1945, leading Brazil during the Vargas Era with significant industrial and social reforms. His government established labor rights, social welfare, and pivotal economic policies to modernize the nation. After a brief period out of power, returned in 1951, serving until 1954 when he resigned amid political pressure. His legacy includes influencing Brazilian politics for decades and shaping modern Brazilian society through economic and social changes.
Continue ReadingHolland Smith
A general in the United States Marine Corps, served during World War II. Played a critical role in the planning and execution of amphibious assaults, particularly in the Pacific Theater. Commanded troops during the Marshall Islands campaign and led the assault on Saipan, a pivotal battle that contributed to the defeat of Japanese forces in the region. Also participated in the invasion of the Philippines, showcasing strategic military leadership.
Continue ReadingPercy Williams Bridgman
A prominent American physicist and academic, he contributed significantly to experimental physics and high-pressure research. Bridgman developed methods to achieve extreme pressures and studied their effects on various materials. Awarded the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1946 for his work on the properties of matter under high pressures, he became a professor at Harvard University where he mentored future scientists. His research advanced the understanding of physical phenomena in solid state physics.
Continue ReadingAlbert Coates
Coates served as a prominent composer and conductor in the early 20th century. His career included significant work with the BBC Symphony Orchestra and the London Symphony Orchestra. Coates also gained recognition as the conductor of the 1932 concert premiere of Ralph Vaughan Williams' 'Symphony No. 6'. His influence extended through various performances and compositions that contributed to the classical music scene in England.
Continue ReadingHugh Dowding
An influential figure in the Royal Air Force, led the sector in defending Britain during World War II. Oversaw the development of strategies and technologies that contributed to the success of the Battle of Britain. Played a crucial role in organizing fighter command operations, emphasizing the importance of radar technology. His leadership and tactical decisions helped to secure air superiority against the Luftwaffe.
Continue ReadingFred McLeod
A Scottish golfer had a successful career in the early 20th century. Achieved significant success in professional golf, winning three major championships: the 1908 U.S. Open, the 1910 PGA Championship, and the 1911 U.S. Open. Played on the professional circuit during a formative period for the sport, contributing to its growing popularity. Competed against notable contemporaries and was respected within the golfing community for his achievements.
Continue ReadingJessie Redmon Fauset
Contributed significantly to the Harlem Renaissance through literature. Authored several novels and poetry collections that explored themes of race, identity, and culture within the African American community. Works include 'There Is Confusion', 'Plum Bun', and 'The Chinaberry Tree', which received critical acclaim during the early 20th century. Served as the literary editor for 'The Crisis', the official magazine of the NAACP, helping to promote new African American voices in literature. Fauset's writing demonstrated a sophisticated understanding of her characters' struggles and aspirations.
Continue ReadingAuguste Herbin
Started an artistic career in the early 20th century, contributing to the development of Cubism alongside contemporaries like Braque and Picasso. Became associated with the abstract movement later in life, focusing on geometric shapes and the interplay of colors. Served as a member of various art groups, promoting modern art and teaching future generations of artists. Worked extensively in oil painting, producing numerous influential works during his lifetime. Participated in several exhibitions, both nationally and internationally, solidifying a legacy within the French art scene.
Continue ReadingHendrik Nicolaas Werkman
A significant figure in the field of printing and typography, focused on experimental graphics and typographical design. Werkman established his own printing workshop in Groningen, where innovative techniques were employed. He produced unique works that merged philosophy, poetry, and visual art, influencing the modern graphic design movement. His works, particularly those from the 1940s, showcased a distinctive blend of color and form, contributing greatly to modern typographic practices. Werkman was also involved with the Dutch resistance during World War II.
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