What Happened This Year 1908

Historical Events from This Year 1908 (View all 41)

Exploration & Discovery

Creation of Grand Canyon National Monument

January 11th, 1908 117 years ago

In 1908, President Theodore Roosevelt designated the Grand Canyon as a national monument, showcasing the stunning natural beauty of the area. This landmark decision aimed to protect the canyon's unique geological features and diverse wildlife from potential exploitation. The proclamation reflected growing national interest in conservation, recognizing the Grand Canyon's significance in both nature and American heritage. The monument covers a vast area surrounding the canyon, highlighting its breathtaking landscapes and geological importance, while also promoting public enjoyment and appreciation.

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Accidents & Tragedies

Rhoads Opera House Fire Claims Lives

January 13th, 1908 117 years ago

A catastrophic fire erupted at the Rhoads Opera House in Boyertown, Pennsylvania, during a performance on a cold winter night. Over 300 people were in attendance, and as the flames quickly spread, panic ensued. The fire, ignited by a faulty stage light, led to a tragic loss of life, claiming 171 individuals. Many victims were trapped inside, unable to escape due to the building's design and insufficient exits, highlighting the urgent need for stricter fire safety regulations.

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Social Movements & Civil Rights

First Sorority for African American Women Established

January 15th, 1908 117 years ago

Founded at Howard University, Alpha Kappa Alpha Sorority, Inc. was established by a group of college women led by Ethel Hedgeman Lyle. Their aim was to provide support, sisterhood, and scholarship among African American women in higher education. The founding members sought to promote academic excellence, community service, and activism, addressing the unique challenges faced by African American women in the early 20th century. This organization became the first of its kind, paving the way for future Greek-letter organizations. Alpha Kappa Alpha’s founding marked a significant advance in fostering leadership and outreach within the African American community.

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Politics & Government

New York City Vetoes Sullivan Ordinance

January 21st, 1908 117 years ago

New York City passed the Sullivan Ordinance, prohibiting women from smoking in public spaces. Amidst social debates surrounding morality and gender roles, Mayor George B. McClellan Jr. vetoed the ordinance, prioritizing women's rights and personal freedoms over restrictive laws. This contradiction of public sentiment and legislative action sparked discussions about women's autonomy in a male-dominated society.

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Education & Academia

Foundation of the First Boy Scout Troop

January 24th, 1908 117 years ago

Robert Baden-Powell, a British Army officer, organized the first Boy Scout troop in England, marking the beginning of a global movement focusing on youth development and outdoor skills. Baden-Powell aimed to promote citizenship, community service, and outdoor activities among young boys. The initiative was inspired by his experiences in the British Army and observations of boys in various social classes. The first troop was established in London, England, gathering boys from different backgrounds to participate in scouting activities, such as camping and learning practical skills.

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Politics & Government

Failed Coup Attempt by Portuguese Republicans

January 28th, 1908 117 years ago

Members of the Portuguese Republican Party made an attempt to overthrow the administrative dictatorship led by Prime Minister João Franco. The plan to instigate a coup was orchestrated mainly by republicans who opposed Franco's authoritarian governance, which had garnered increasing unpopularity among various segments of society. However, the coup was poorly executed, leading to its swift failure and the subsequent arrests of key conspirators. This event marked a significant moment in the turbulent political climate in Portugal at the time.

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Born in 1908 (View all 373)

George Dolenz

Actor in The Monkees television series
Born
January 5th, 1908 117 years ago
Died
February 8th, 1963 62 years ago — 55 years old

An Italian-American actor, this individual gained widespread recognition as a member of the musical group and television show The Monkees. The series, which aired from 1966 to 1968, showcased the band’s comedic antics and musical performances. In addition to acting, this individual also participated in directing episodes of the show, demonstrating a multifaceted talent in entertainment. Prior to The Monkees, involvement in other stage and screen productions contributed to a diverse career in the entertainment industry.

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Red Allen

American trumpet player, jazz musician
Born
January 7th, 1908 117 years ago
Died
April 17th, 1967 57 years ago — 59 years old

A prominent figure in jazz music, played trumpet and contributed significantly to the New Orleans jazz scene. Collaborated with numerous notable artists and formed groups such as the Red Allen and the New Yorkers. Recorded classic jazz tracks and performed extensively at various prominent venues, gaining recognition for his virtuosic playing and unique style.

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William Hartnell

English actor; original Doctor Who
Born
January 8th, 1908 117 years ago
Died
1975 50 years ago — 67 years old

An English actor achieved prominence for portraying the First Doctor in the long-running television series Doctor Who. The role, initiated in 1963, set the foundation for a franchise that would evolve over decades. Hartnell's performance was characterized by a unique blend of authority, warmth, and charm, capturing the complexities of the character. Before Doctor Who, a career included various stage performances and films, contributing to a robust theatrical presence. Hartnell's transition to television marked a significant turn in his career, with the role of the Doctor defining his legacy.

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Fearless Nadia

Actress and stuntwoman in Indian cinema
Born
January 8th, 1908 117 years ago
Died
1996 29 years ago — 88 years old

An Australian-Indian actress and stuntwoman, contributed significantly to Hindi cinema, particularly during the 1930s and 1940s. Gained fame for performing daring stunts in films, which was unusual for women at the time. Starred in multiple successful films that blended action and adventure, becoming a cultural icon in Indian film history. Pioneered women's roles in action films and established herself as a symbol of bravery and empowerment within the film industry.

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Simone de Beauvoir

Philosopher and author of The Second Sex
Born
January 9th, 1908 117 years ago
Died
April 14th, 1986 38 years ago — 78 years old

A prominent French philosopher and writer, contributed significantly to existentialism and feminist theory. The publication of 'The Second Sex' in 1949 brought attention to the construction of women's roles in society and challenged traditional views on gender. Engaged in intellectual debates and maintained a lifelong partnership with philosopher Jean-Paul Sartre, influencing the post-war cultural landscape in France. Wrote novels, essays, and criticisms, engaging with social, political, and ethical questions.

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Paul Henreid

Actor in Casablanca and Now, Voyager
Born
January 10th, 1908 117 years ago
Died
March 29th, 1992 32 years ago — 84 years old

Born in 1908, an Italian-American actor and director became prominent in Hollywood during the 1940s. He gained recognition for starring in classic films like 'Casablanca' and 'Now, Voyager', showcasing his talent and versatility. Henreid moved to the United States in 1939 and quickly became a leading man, often portraying romantic leads. His performance in 'Casablanca' as Victor Laszlo, alongside Ingrid Bergman and Humphrey Bogart, solidified his status in film history. Additionally, he directed several films and had a successful career in the entertainment industry well into the 1960s, transitioning to television later in his career.

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People Who Died in 1908 (View all 88)

Abraham Goldfaden

Russian playwright and actor
Born
1840 185 years ago
Died
January 9th, 1908 117 years ago — 68 years old

A significant figure in Yiddish theater, played a crucial role in its development in the late 19th century. Founded the first professional Yiddish theater in Romania, which helped to popularize the genre. Authored several plays that remain influential in Yiddish literature, including 'Bar Kochba.' Goldfaden's work reflected the cultural and social issues of Jewish communities, and he often infused dramatic narratives with humor and poignancy.

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Wilhelm Busch

German poet and illustrator of Max und Moritz
Born
April 15th, 1832 192 years ago
Died
January 9th, 1908 117 years ago — 75 years old

A notable German poet, illustrator, and painter, contributed significantly to the development of the comic strip genre. His most recognized work, 'Max und Moritz,' was published in 1865 and became iconic for its use of humor and illustrations to convey narratives. Busch's style blended visual art with poetry, influencing future generations of cartoonists and illustrators. His works often included satirical takes on everyday life, morality, and social issues, engaging audiences across various demographics. Besides 'Max und Moritz,' Busch produced numerous other illustrated poems that displayed his innovative approach, which combined visual storytelling with sharp wit.

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Holger Drachmann

Danish poet and playwright
Born
1846 179 years ago
Died
January 14th, 1908 117 years ago — 62 years old

A significant figure in Danish literature, Drachmann contributed extensively as a poet, playwright, and essayist. His literary work encompassed themes of nature, love, and the struggles of life. Much of his poetry drew inspiration from coastal landscapes and maritime life. Drachmann's plays often focused on Denmark's cultural identity and folklore. He was a central figure in the Danish artistic community during his lifetime and contributed to the development of modern Danish playwriting.

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Ferdinand IV

Grand Duke of Tuscany
Born
1835 190 years ago
Died
January 17th, 1908 117 years ago — 73 years old

Ruled as Grand Duke of Tuscany from 1859 to 1860. Oversaw the transition of the duchy through significant political changes during the Italian unification. Administered reforms in various sectors, including education and infrastructure, which laid the groundwork for future developments in the region. Emphasized cultural patronage, supporting the arts and sciences throughout his reign.

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John Ordronaux

Surgeon and academic of 19th century
Born
1830 195 years ago
Died
January 20th, 1908 117 years ago — 78 years old

Contributed significantly to the field of surgery and medical education during the late 19th century. Graduated from the University of Pennsylvania, later became a professor of surgery. Played a role in establishing surgical standards and practices in the United States. Authored several influential texts on surgery and anatomy, enhancing the knowledge base for future medical professionals. Engaged in academic discussions and advancements, influencing surgical procedures and education.

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Ouida

Author and activist known for 'Held in Trust'
Born
January 1st, 1839 186 years ago
Died
January 25th, 1908 117 years ago — 69 years old

Born in 1839, an English-Italian author produced numerous novels, stories, and plays. The author adopted the pen name Ouida and published over 30 works, many of which gained popularity during the Victorian era. Among these, 'Held in Trust' stood out as a significant title. In addition to literary pursuits, engaged in activism, particularly advocating for animal welfare and social issues. This dual focus on literature and activism characterized the author's career.

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