What Happened This Year 1939

Historical Events from This Year 1939

Military & Warfare

HMS Nelson Struck by Mine Near Scotland

December 4th, 1939 85 years ago

On December 4, 1939, HMS Nelson was struck by a mine laid by U-31 off the Scottish coast. This incident resulted in the battleship sustaining significant damage, leading to its required repairs. The ship was laid up until August 1940, affecting naval operations in the early stages of World War II. The mine strike highlighted the dangers faced by naval vessels during the conflict and emphasized the threat posed by enemy submarines and mines in the Atlantic.

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Military & Warfare

Finnish Defense at Mannerheim Line

December 6th, 1939 85 years ago

In the midst of the Winter War, Finnish forces halted the advance of the Soviet Red Army at the strategic Mannerheim Line during the Battle of Taipale. The battle was notable for the fierce resistance demonstrated by Finnish troops, utilizing fortified positions and effective tactics against their more numerous adversary. The successful defense rallied Finnish morale and showcased the effectiveness of the Mannerheim Line's defenses, significantly affecting the Soviet plans for a swift victory in the region.

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Military & Warfare

Finland's First Major Victory in the Winter War

December 12th, 1939 85 years ago

The Battle of Tolvajärvi marked Finland's first significant victory in the Winter War against the Soviet Union. Taking place in early December 1939, Finnish forces launched an offensive operation to retake the strategic location of Tolvajärvi, which was crucial for controlling supply routes. Despite being heavily outnumbered, the Finnish troops employed guerrilla tactics and their superior knowledge of the terrain to launch surprise attacks against Soviet forces. The unexpected Finnish victory boosted morale and demonstrated the effectiveness of their military strategies.

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Military & Warfare

HMS Duchess and HMS Barham Collision

December 12th, 1939 85 years ago

In December 1939, HMS Duchess collided with HMS Barham off the Scottish coast during a training exercise. The accident resulted in the sinking of HMS Duchess, claiming the lives of 124 crew members. The incident raised significant concerns regarding naval safety protocols in wartime conditions and highlighted the need for improved navigation and communication among vessels in close quarters.

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Military & Warfare

Naval Clash at the River Plate

December 13th, 1939 85 years ago

The Battle of the River Plate involved the German cruiser Admiral Graf Spee and three British cruisers: HMS Ajax, HMNZS Achilles, and HMS Exeter. This naval engagement, the first of World War II, took place off the coast of Uruguay, resulting from the Graf Spee’s mission to disrupt Allied shipping. The encounter showcased the tactics of naval warfare during the early stages of the conflict, highlighting a significant moment in maritime history.

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Politics & Government

Soviet Union Expelled from League of Nations

December 14th, 1939 85 years ago

The League of Nations expelled the Soviet Union in response to its invasion of Finland during the Winter War. The decision reflected the League's condemnation of aggression and underscored the international community's attempt to address violations of sovereignty. This decision marked a critical point in the dynamics of international relations, as countries reassessed their alliances and political stances in the face of expanding conflicts in Europe.

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Entertainment

Premiere of 'Gone with the Wind' in Atlanta

December 15th, 1939 85 years ago

The world premiere of 'Gone with the Wind' took place at Loew's Grand Theatre in Atlanta, Georgia, celebrating the film's adaptation of Margaret Mitchell's novel. Many of Atlanta's citizens attended, as the film's storyline is intricately tied to the city’s history during the Civil War and Reconstruction. The event was marked by glamour and excitement, eagerly anticipated by fans of the book and the star-studded cast led by Vivien Leigh and Clark Gable. The premiere was a significant cultural moment, highlighting the South's cinematic heritage and its resilience.

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Military & Warfare

Captain Hans Langsdorff Scuttles Admiral Graf Spee

December 17th, 1939 85 years ago

During the early hours, Captain Hans Langsdorff of the German cruiser Admiral Graf Spee chose to scuttle his ship in the estuary of Montevideo after engaging in battle with Allied forces. The ship was heavily damaged from encounters with British warships, leading Langsdorff to conclude that further resistance was futile. The decision was made on December 17, 1939, as he sought to avoid the loss of more lives and potential capture.

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Military & Warfare

First Major Air Battle of World War II

December 18th, 1939 85 years ago

The Battle of the Heligoland Bight marks the first significant air engagement of World War II, occurring off the coast of Germany. British Royal Air Force bombers, accompanied by fighters, conducted an attack against a German naval base at Heligoland Bight. The operation aimed to disrupt German shipping and demonstrate the growing effectiveness of air power in warfare. The clash featured intense aerial dogfights, resulting in significant losses for both sides.

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