What Happened This Year 1981
People Who Died in 1981
Leo Kanner
A psychiatrist and physician contributed significantly to the understanding of autism. In 1943, published a seminal paper titled 'Autistic Disturbances of Affective Contact,' which described the condition in children. Developed the concept of early infantile autism, distinguishing it from other developmental disorders. Also examined the emotional needs and behavior patterns of children. Worked at Johns Hopkins University and the Henry Phipps Psychiatric Clinic.
Continue ReadingMax Delbrück
Contributed to the field of molecular biology and genetics. Studied the genetics of bacteria and established key principles in the understanding of DNA. Worked at the California Institute of Technology and collaborated with notable scientists, shaping the foundations of modern biology. Awarded the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 1969 for work on the genetics of viruses.
Continue ReadingGiuseppe Pella
Served as the 32nd Prime Minister of Italy from 1953 to 1954. Focused on economic recovery post-World War II through policies promoting industrial development and international cooperation. Contributed to the establishment of a stable democratic government in Italy during a period marked by political instability. Active in the Christian Democracy party, playing a key role in party strategy and development.
Continue ReadingPigmeat Markham
A prominent comedian, singer, and dancer during the mid-20th century, contributed significantly to the variety show scene. Gained fame through performances in clubs and theaters, establishing a unique comedic style that blended music and humor. Developed a character that resonated with audiences, leading to appearances on television shows and film. Advocated for the rights of African Americans in entertainment, paving the way for future generations.
Continue ReadingRonnie Self
Active in the late 1950s and early 1960s, this artist contributed significantly to the rockabilly genre. Released the hit single "Bop-A-Lena" in 1957, which became an influential track in the early rock music scene. Worked with renowned producer Jack Clement and recorded for labels such as Columbia and ABC-Paramount. Struggled with personal challenges that impacted the music career but continued to influence rockabilly musicians.
Continue ReadingAbel Gance
An influential figure in early cinema, established a reputation with innovative techniques and narratives. Directed the seminal silent film 'Napoleon' in 1927, which showcased pioneering use of multi-screen and fast-motion effects, contributing to the development of the visual language of film. In addition to direction, worked as a writer and producer, impacting the French film industry during the silent and early sound eras. His works gained recognition for their artistic ambition and technical advancements.
Continue ReadingVicente Ferreira Pastinha
Born in 1889, this Brazilian martial artist played a pivotal role in popularizing the Afro-Brazilian martial art form known as Capoeira. He founded the first Capoeira school in Salvador, Bahia, which became a vital center for teaching and preserving the traditions of Capoeira. The transition from being a clandestine practice connected to the Afro-Brazilian culture to gaining recognition in Brazilian society occurred largely due to the efforts of this martial artist. Emphasizing the importance of teaching Capoeira in its original form, he dedicated life to promoting its cultural significance.
Continue ReadingDelfo Cabrera
Entered the world of athletics with a focus on long-distance running, particularly excelling in the marathon. Achieved significant recognition during the 1948 London Olympics, where secured a gold medal in the marathon event. Served in the Argentine military, which influenced both career and personal life. Continued to participate in various national and international races post-competition, demonstrating a commitment to the sport throughout life.
Continue ReadingDavid Wechsler
Born in Romania and later emigrated to the United States, a psychologist and author developed a series of intelligence tests, significantly contributing to the field of psychometrics. The Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (WAIS) and the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children (WISC) became widely used assessments of cognitive ability. These tests provided a better understanding of intellectual functioning and were instrumental in educational and clinical settings. The methodologies and theories proposed helped shape modern psychology and testing practices.
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