What Happened This Year 1320

Historical Events from This Year 1320

Politics & Government

Duke Wladyslaw Lokietek Crowned King of Poland

January 20th, 1320 705 years ago

Wladyslaw Lokietek was crowned King of Poland at the Wawel Cathedral in Kraków, marking the unification of the Polish state after a period of fragmentation. The coronation followed years of Duke Wladyslaw's efforts to reclaim his family's heritage and rights to the throne, amidst various conflicts and a fragmented noble landscape. The ceremony symbolized not only his ascendancy but also a hopeful restoration of centralized rule in Poland, paving the way for a stronger national identity.

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Politics & Government

Scots Declare Their Independence in Arbroath

April 6th, 1320 704 years ago

The Declaration of Arbroath was a formal response from Scottish nobles and clergy to Pope John XXII. It asserted Scotland's status as an independent sovereign nation and responded to English claims of dominance. Drafted in Arbroath Abbey, the declaration articulated the desire for self-determination, using powerful rhetoric to declare that the Scottish people would remain free as long as their king, Robert the Bruce, fought for their rights. It emphasized the principle that a ruler could be judged by their ability to protect their people.

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Military & Warfare

Byzantine Victory at Saint George

September 9th, 1320 704 years ago

Byzantine forces, led by Andronikos Asen, executed a surprise attack against the Principality of Achaea near Saint George in Arcadia, resulting in a decisive victory that secured the region for the Byzantines. The ambush showcased strategic military planning and marked a significant territorial gain.

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Born in 1320 (View all 7)

Peter I of Portugal

King of Portugal, writer of tragic poetry
Born
April 8th, 1320 704 years ago
Died
January 18th, 1367 658 years ago — 46 years old

Ruled as King of Portugal from 1357 until death in 1367. Promoted romantic and chivalric values, with a strong emphasis on courtly love reflected in poetry. Established the Order of the Redemption of Captives. His reign saw the beginning of significant cultural and legal reforms. Known for the narrative of tragic love, especially the story of Inês de Castro, who became emblematic of Portuguese literature.

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Toghon Temür

Mongolian emperor during the Yuan dynasty
Born
May 25th, 1320 704 years ago
Died
May 23rd, 1370 654 years ago — 49 years old

Ascended the throne as the last emperor of the Yuan dynasty in 1333. His reign marked a period of decline for the Mongol Empire. The challenges included internal discord and resistance from the Chinese populace leading to the eventual fragmentation of the empire. Temür's governance was characterized by reliance on advisors and struggles to maintain control over increasingly independent provinces. The era saw significant cultural exchanges and economic activity, but the political instability became pronounced during his rule. Notably, he was also involved in military campaigns aimed at regaining lost territories and consolidating power but faced resistance from the Ming dynasty.

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Bertrand du Guesclin

French nobleman and military commander
Born
1320 705 years ago
Died
July 13th, 1380 644 years ago — 60 years old

Born in the late 1320s, this figure rose to prominence during the Hundred Years' War as a skilled military commander. Striving to regain French territories occupied by the English, he played a crucial role in several key battles. His leadership was instrumental in the recapture of notable strongholds such as Rennes and the successful Siege of the English-held city of Château-Gaillard. He was appointed Constable of France in 1370 and became a symbol of resistance against English rule in France. His military strategies and tactics were studied by future generations of military leaders. He died on July 13, 1380.

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Valdemar IV

Danish King, key figure in Danish history
Born
1320 705 years ago
Died
October 24th, 1375 649 years ago — 55 years old

Ascended to the throne of Denmark in 1340. Reigned until 1375, presiding over a significant period marked by territorial conflicts and consolidation of power. Implemented various reforms to strengthen the monarchy. Engaged in military campaigns to assert control over disputed regions, particularly in northern Germany. Navigated complex alliances with neighboring kingdoms throughout the reign. His reign was characterized by efforts to stabilize and expand the realm.

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William of Wykeham

English bishop and educator
Born
1320 705 years ago
Died
September 27th, 1404 620 years ago — 84 years old

William of Wykeham served as the Bishop of Winchester and was a key figure in the development of education in England. He founded New College, Oxford, in 1379 and established Winchester College in 1382, which became significant institutions for education. His contributions to architecture are notable, especially in the rebuilding of Winchester Cathedral.

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Rudolph

Duke of Lorraine during the 14th century
Born
1320 705 years ago
Died
August 26th, 1346 678 years ago — 26 years old

Ruled as Duke of Lorraine from 1328 until death in 1346. Engaged in conflicts with neighboring territories, notably fought in the Battle of Crécy during the Hundred Years' War. Worked to consolidate power within the duchy, navigating a period of political upheaval and territorial disputes. His reign was marked by efforts to strengthen local governance and maintain allegiance among the nobility.

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People Who Died in 1320

Ayurbarwada Buyantu Khan

Chinese emperor during the Yuan dynasty
Born
April 9th, 1285 739 years ago
Died
March 1st, 1320 705 years ago — 34 years old

Ruled as the Khagan of the Mongol Empire and emperor of China from 1311 to 1320. His reign marked a notable expansion of the empire and strengthening of the administrative structure. Focused on consolidating power and promoting trade, he enhanced relations along the Silk Road. Promoted Confucianism and adopted policies that aimed to stabilize the empire. Initiated construction projects to improve infrastructure, contributing to urban development.

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Oshin

King of Armenia, established monarchy
Born
1282 743 years ago
Died
July 20th, 1320 704 years ago — 38 years old

Ruled as king from 1295 to 1320, overseeing the Kingdom of Armenia during a period marked by both internal challenges and external pressures. Engaged in efforts to strengthen the monarchy and expand the kingdom’s territory. Worked to maintain relations with neighboring states and navigate the complexities of feudal politics. Under leadership, significant cultural and economic developments took place within the kingdom.

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Michael IX Palaiologos

Byzantine emperor during 13th century
Born
April 17th, 1277 747 years ago
Died
October 12th, 1320 704 years ago — 43 years old

Born on April 17, 1277, served as the Byzantine emperor alongside his father, Andronikos II. His reign occurred during a turbulent period in Byzantine history marked by military conflicts and economic challenges. Leadership included efforts to stabilize the empire against external threats, particularly the Ottomans. Held the title of co-emperor from 1294 until his death in 1320, participating in significant military campaigns and diplomatic efforts. Strived to maintain the ideals of the Byzantine tradition amid encroaching pressures from neighboring powers and internal strife.

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Ricold of Monte Croce

Italian Dominican missionary
Born
1242 783 years ago
Died
October 31st, 1320 704 years ago — 78 years old

Active during the late 13th and early 14th centuries, this Dominican missionary traveled to the East, particularly to the region now encompassing modern Turkey. The work encompassed evangelization efforts among various groups, including Muslims and Christians. This missionary engaged in theological discussions and demonstrated commitment to the spread of Christianity. Writings from this individual detail encounters with diverse cultures and religious beliefs, providing insights into the missionary approach during this historical period.

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