Born in 1320
Peter I of Portugal
Ruled as King of Portugal from 1357 until death in 1367. Promoted romantic and chivalric values, with a strong emphasis on courtly love reflected in poetry. Established the Order of the Redemption of Captives. His reign saw the beginning of significant cultural and legal reforms. Known for the narrative of tragic love, especially the story of Inês de Castro, who became emblematic of Portuguese literature.
Continue ReadingToghon Temür
Ascended the throne as the last emperor of the Yuan dynasty in 1333. His reign marked a period of decline for the Mongol Empire. The challenges included internal discord and resistance from the Chinese populace leading to the eventual fragmentation of the empire. Temür's governance was characterized by reliance on advisors and struggles to maintain control over increasingly independent provinces. The era saw significant cultural exchanges and economic activity, but the political instability became pronounced during his rule. Notably, he was also involved in military campaigns aimed at regaining lost territories and consolidating power but faced resistance from the Ming dynasty.
Continue ReadingWilliam of Wykeham
William of Wykeham served as the Bishop of Winchester and was a key figure in the development of education in England. He founded New College, Oxford, in 1379 and established Winchester College in 1382, which became significant institutions for education. His contributions to architecture are notable, especially in the rebuilding of Winchester Cathedral.
Continue ReadingRudolph
Ruled as Duke of Lorraine from 1328 until death in 1346. Engaged in conflicts with neighboring territories, notably fought in the Battle of Crécy during the Hundred Years' War. Worked to consolidate power within the duchy, navigating a period of political upheaval and territorial disputes. His reign was marked by efforts to strengthen local governance and maintain allegiance among the nobility.
Continue ReadingValdemar IV
Ascended to the throne of Denmark in 1340. Reigned until 1375, presiding over a significant period marked by territorial conflicts and consolidation of power. Implemented various reforms to strengthen the monarchy. Engaged in military campaigns to assert control over disputed regions, particularly in northern Germany. Navigated complex alliances with neighboring kingdoms throughout the reign. His reign was characterized by efforts to stabilize and expand the realm.
Continue ReadingBeatrice of Bourbon
Served as queen consort of Bohemia from 1353 until 1363. Married Charles IV, Holy Roman Emperor, strengthening ties between the Kingdom of Bohemia and France. Actively participated in the royal court and supported various cultural endeavors during her tenure as queen. Her union with Charles produced several children, including Wenceslaus IV of Bohemia.
Continue ReadingBertrand du Guesclin
Born in the late 1320s, this figure rose to prominence during the Hundred Years' War as a skilled military commander. Striving to regain French territories occupied by the English, he played a crucial role in several key battles. His leadership was instrumental in the recapture of notable strongholds such as Rennes and the successful Siege of the English-held city of Château-Gaillard. He was appointed Constable of France in 1370 and became a symbol of resistance against English rule in France. His military strategies and tactics were studied by future generations of military leaders. He died on July 13, 1380.
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