Born in 1721
François Hemsterhuis
A significant figure in the 18th-century Dutch Enlightenment, this philosopher contributed to metaphysics and aesthetics. Establishing connections between philosophy and poetry, explored issues such as the nature of beauty and moral philosophy. His works emphasized the importance of feelings and intuition in understanding moral truths. Engaged critically with contemporaries, influencing later thinkers within both the European and Dutch intellectual landscapes.
Continue ReadingMadame de Pompadour
A prominent figure at the French court, served as the official chief mistress of King Louis XV. Played a crucial role in the political and artistic life of France during the 18th century. Engaged in the patronage of the arts, contributing to the commissioning of various works and fostering the development of the Rococo style. Established a significant cultural salon that attracted many influential thinkers and artists of the time.
Continue ReadingBenjamin Chew
A prominent lawyer and judge in colonial America, played a significant role in the legal system of Pennsylvania. Served as the Chief Justice of Pennsylvania's Supreme Court from 1774 to 1777. Worked on establishing legal foundations during the early years of American governance. Played a part in the implementation of the judiciary after the American Revolution and contributed to important legal decisions of the time.
Continue ReadingJacques de Flesselles
Served as the controller-general of finances in France during a period of economic turmoil and unrest. Held position during critical events leading up to the French Revolution. Attempted to stabilize the financial situation of the country amidst rising tensions. Resolved to suppress protests against taxation, which ultimately led to his involvement in the conflicts surrounding the Bastille. Captured and killed by an angry mob on July 14, 1789, as revolt escalated in Paris.
Continue ReadingJohn Mudge
An English physician and engineer contributed significantly to the development of surgical instruments in the 18th century. Played a crucial role in advancing medical practice through engineering innovations. Designed various surgical tools, enhancing precision in surgical procedures. Wrote on medical topics and played a pivotal role in the medical community.
Continue ReadingHenry Seymour Conway
Served as a general in the British Army and as a politician. Played significant roles during the 18th century in military and political affairs. Held the position of Secretary of State for the Northern Department, overseeing issues related to Northern Ireland and the colonies. Participated in various military campaigns and was involved in the administration of colonial affairs during a period of significant change and conflict. His contributions spanned both military and administrative domains.
Continue ReadingSir James Montgomery
A prominent figure in Scottish legal and political circles during the late 18th century, served as a judge. Contributed to the development of judicial systems in Scotland. Held the title of 1st Baronet and was involved in significant legal reforms.
Continue ReadingPetr Ivanovich Panin
An influential Russian general served as Minister of War from 1763 until 1784. Played a key role in the Russo-Turkish War (1768-1774) and managed several significant military campaigns. Assisted in modernizing Russian military practices and structures. His strategies and leadership contributed to pivotal victories that shaped Russia's military reputation in Europe during the 18th century. Involved in state affairs and had a focus on military reforms that improved overall effectiveness.
Continue ReadingPeyton Randolph
A prominent lawyer and politician in colonial Virginia, played a key role in the early stages of American governance. Served as the first President of the Continental Congress from 1774 until his death in 1775. Engaged in the political activities surrounding the American Revolution and worked to unify the colonies in opposition to British rule. Noted for his leadership during pivotal moments in the burgeoning revolutionary movement.
Continue Reading