What Happened This Year 1765

Born in 1765

Pope Gregory XVI

Pope with papal bull on slavery
Born
September 18th, 1765 259 years ago
Died
June 1st, 1846 178 years ago — 80 years old

Served as Pope from 1831 until death in 1846. Issued the encyclical 'In supremo apostolatus' which condemned the slave trade and slavery itself. Advocated for the preservation of the Papal States and opposed liberal reforms. Strengthened the Congregation of the Index to curtail modernist thought and censorship of publications. Worked on restoring the Catholic Church's authority in regions where church influence had diminished.

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Paolo Ruffini

Mathematician and philosopher with notable theories
Born
September 22nd, 1765 259 years ago
Died
1822 203 years ago — 57 years old

Born in 1765, a mathematician and philosopher contributed significantly to algebra and the theory of equations. Developed Ruffini's rule, utilized for factoring polynomials, which played a crucial role in the area of abstract algebra. His work laid the groundwork for further advancements in group theory and polynomial solvability. Also engaged in philosophical discourse related to mathematics, influencing later thinkers. His legacy is evident in the continued study and application of his theories in mathematics today.

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Antoine Philippe de La Trémoille

French general and military leader
Born
September 27th, 1765 259 years ago
Died
January 27th, 1794 231 years ago — 28 years old

A prominent figure in the French Revolutionary Wars, served as a general in the early 1790s. Participated in the War of the First Coalition, leading forces during various military campaigns. Commanded troops at the Battle of Jemappes in 1792, securing a victory for the French Republic. Captured by forces loyal to the monarchy during the rise of radicalism, faced execution during the Reign of Terror.

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Frederick Christian II

Duke of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Augustenburg
Born
September 28th, 1765 259 years ago
Died
1814 211 years ago — 49 years old

Born in 1765, this duke was a prominent figure in Schleswig-Holstein. He belonged to the Augustenburg branch of the House of Oldenburg and played a significant role in the politics of the duchy. His reign was marked by various administrative reforms and he presided over a period that involved complex relations with Denmark and surrounding territories. The duke was a patron of the arts and established several educational institutions. His legacy primarily includes contributions to the development of his duchy during a time of significant political changes in Northern Europe.

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José María Morelos

Mexican priest and revolutionary leader
Born
September 30th, 1765 259 years ago
Died
1815 210 years ago — 50 years old

A prominent figure in the Mexican War of Independence, served as a leader after Miguel Hidalgo's death. Ordained as a priest, played a crucial role in the struggle against Spanish colonial rule. Elected as the Supreme Chief of the Insurgent Army, organized military campaigns and governorships in various regions. Authored the 'Sentiments of the Nation', outlining the vision for an independent Mexico. Captured in 1815, executed shortly thereafter but left a lasting legacy in the independence movement.

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Harman Blennerhassett

Lawyer and politician involved in dueling
Born
October 8th, 1765 259 years ago
Died
1831 194 years ago — 66 years old

A lawyer and politician, played a significant role in early 19th-century American politics. Worked as a landowner and established a famous island estate in the Ohio River. Engaged in a political alliance with Aaron Burr, which led to treason charges after Burr's failed expedition. Later fled to England after the legal issues, where continued to be involved in political and legal matters until death.

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Nancy Storace

Soprano who performed in operas
Born
October 27th, 1765 259 years ago
Died
1817 208 years ago — 52 years old

An English soprano primarily associated with opera during the late 18th century. Achieved significant acclaim for performances in works by composers such as W. A. Mozart, particularly in the role of Susanna in 'The Marriage of Figaro.' Established a successful career in London and was a prominent figure at the King's Theatre. Contributed to the development of English opera and crossover works, fostering the integration of British themes in the operatic repertoire.

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Pierre-Simon Girard

Mathematician and Engineer
Born
November 4th, 1765 259 years ago
Died
1836 189 years ago — 71 years old

Born in France, significant contributions were made to mathematics and engineering. Developed methods for calculating hydraulic structures and contributed to the understanding of fluid mechanics. His works in engineering mechanics laid the groundwork for various later developments in the field. He also published multiple influential papers and textbooks that were widely used in academic circles. Girard's approach combined theoretical insights with practical applications, which enhanced designs of numerous engineering projects.

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Jacques MacDonald

French general and military leader
Born
November 17th, 1765 259 years ago
Died
September 7th, 1840 184 years ago — 74 years old

Served as a general in the French Revolutionary and Napoleonic Wars. Participated in various military campaigns across Europe under Napoleon Bonaparte, contributing to significant victories. Played a crucial role in the Battle of Austerlitz and the invasion of Russia. Held the title of Duke of Taranto and continued military service after Napoleon's fall, representing France in the royalist army.

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