People Who Died in 1799
Maria Gaetana Agnesi
An Italian mathematician and philosopher contributed significantly to mathematics and philosophy during the 18th century. Renowned for writing 'Analytical Institutions', which focused on calculus and introduced the concept of the witch of Agnesi. Also served as a professor at the Bologna University. Her work bridged the gap between geometry and analysis, and she was one of the first women to gain recognition in a male-dominated field. Agnesi’s contributions included advancements in the study of differential equations and functions, further enriching the mathematical discourse of her time. In her later years, she dedicated herself to charitable works and education.
Continue ReadingGabriel Christie
A Scottish general served in the British army during the 18th century. He participated in notable military campaigns, including the Caribbean and North America. Christie gained recognition for his leadership in various battles, particularly during the American Revolutionary War. He held the rank of colonel and later brigadier general, exemplifying military strategy and tactics of his time. His career was characterized by active engagement in conflicts that shaped colonial and revolutionary landscapes.
Continue ReadingÉtienne-Louis Boullée
An influential French architect and educator, a key figure in the evolution of neoclassicism during the 18th century. Boullée proposed grand architectural concepts characterized by monumental simplicity and clarity of form. His designs often included vast interiors and symbolic architecture, meant to evoke strong emotions. Although many of his projects remained unbuilt, they significantly influenced architectural theory and practice. Boullée's work centered on the idea of architecture as a form of art rather than merely a functional craft. His writings, particularly 'Architecture, essai sur l'art', conveyed his vision of a new aesthetic in architecture that combined beauty and proportion. Several of his most notable projects included the Cenotaph for Isaac Newton, which exemplified his innovative approach to space and light.
Continue ReadingQianlong Emperor
Ruled as the sixth emperor of the Qing Dynasty. Ascended to the throne in 1735 and reigned until 1796, with a notable tenure that lasted sixty years. Oversaw a period of cultural and economic prosperity in China. Commissioned the Siku Quanshu, one of the largest collections of books in Chinese history. Expanded the Chinese empire through military campaigns, particularly in Central Asia and Tibet. Abdicated in favor of his son but retained significant power until his death.
Continue ReadingJean-Charles de Borda
Contributed significantly to the fields of mathematics and physics during the 18th century. Developed methods for precision in measurements and made advancements in naval science. Participated in various naval expeditions and served on the French navy's scientific commissions. Engaged in political discussions related to navigational science and its applications, impacting maritime practices.
Continue ReadingHeshen
Served as a prominent official in the Qing dynasty, holding the position of Grand Councillor. Played a significant role during the reign of the Qianlong Emperor, gaining influence through connections and loyalty to the emperor. Oversaw various administrative and military matters, contributing to policy decisions of the time. His tenure elicited both favor and criticism, leading to substantial wealth accumulation. After the death of Qianlong, faced political decline and was implicated in corruption, ultimately leading to downfall and disgrace. Died in exile in 1799.
Continue ReadingGeorg Christoph Lichtenberg
Contributions included advancements in physics and writing. Developed the Lichtenberg figure, a visual representation of electrical discharges, which later influenced the study of electrical phenomena. Served as a professor at the University of Göttingen, where educational reforms were encouraged. Wrote extensively on various subjects, including science and philosophy, producing a collection of witty and insightful aphorisms that reflect his thoughts on nature, humanity, and society.
Continue ReadingJohann Christoph Gatterer
A German historian deeply engaged in the study of history and geography. Gatterer contributed to historical scholarship through various works focusing on the regional history of Germany and the methodology of historical research. He served as a professor of history at the University of Göttingen, where he helped shape the discipline. Gatterer also worked on the Historical Atlas of Germany, which aimed to map German history geographically. His approach influenced subsequent generations in the field of historical studies.
Continue ReadingRichard Jupp
Specialized in the design and execution of notable buildings and structures in England. Contributed significantly to the architecture of the 18th century, with works involving precise surveying techniques. Engaged in various projects, establishing a reputation within the architectural community. Influenced later practices in surveying and construction through innovative approaches.
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