Born in 1818
Leconte de Lisle
An influential poet and author, he played a significant role in the Parnassian movement, emphasizing objectivity and craftsmanship in poetry. His collection, 'Poèmes Antiques,' showcased a commitment to classical themes and forms, drawing inspiration from ancient cultures. He also published 'Les Poèmes de l'Inconnu,' further establishing a unique voice within the literary landscape. In addition to his poetry, he contributed essays and criticism that shaped literary discourse in the 19th century.
Continue ReadingBenjamin Butler
A significant figure in the American Civil War and Reconstruction era. Served as a Union general and achieved the rank of Major General. Elected as the 33rd Governor of Massachusetts, held office from 1883 to 1884. Advocated for civil rights and was involved in various political controversies. Practiced law after his military career and was active in politics for several decades.
Continue ReadingEmil du Bois-Reymond
A German physician and physiologist, contributed significantly to the field of electrophysiology. Initiated groundbreaking research into the function of the nervous system and muscle physiology. Developed methods for studying electrical phenomena in living organisms, leading to major advancements in understanding neural and muscular activity. Authored important works on the physiology of the brain and nerve conduction. His research laid the foundations for future studies in neuroscience and related fields.
Continue ReadingIvan Turgenev
A prominent Russian author and playwright, contributions to literature included novels, short stories, and plays. Major works encompassed 'Fathers and Sons', 'A Month in the Country', and 'A Month in the Country'. Turgenev's writing frequently examined themes of social change, class struggle, and human emotion. Active during the 19th century, his influence extended across literary circles in Europe, fostering dialogue between Russian literature and Western thought. His works introduced the character of the superfluous man, providing critical insights into the Russian intelligentsia. Turgenev was also noted for his personal relationships with contemporary writers, including Leo Tolstoy and Fyodor Dostoevsky, often navigating complex dynamics in the literary community.
Continue ReadingLewis H. Morgan
An American lawyer and anthropologist, contributed significantly to the field of anthropology during the 19th century. Pioneered kinship studies and social organization among Native American tribes. Published influential works, including 'Ancient Society' in 1877, which introduced ideas about social evolution and kinship. Engaged in extensive research among the Iroquois, documenting their customs and social structures. Advocated for the rights of Native Americans and contributed to legal reforms.
Continue ReadingGeorge Brown
Born in Scotland and later emigrating to Canada, this individual became an influential journalist and a prominent political figure. Founding the Globe newspaper, this person played a significant role in shaping Canadian public opinion in the 19th century. As the 10th Premier of the Province of Canada, this individual was a key advocate for Confederation and contributed to the establishment of a more united Canada. His involvement in politics extended to various reforms and initiatives aimed at expanding opportunities in the Canadian West.
Continue ReadingMary Todd Lincoln
Born in 1818, this individual became the First Lady during her husband's presidency. She played a significant role in the social and political life of the White House, balancing the responsibilities of her role with personal challenges. Throughout her time in the public eye, she dealt with immense loss and mental health struggles while maintaining a commitment to her husband's legacy. Following her husband's assassination, she faced further difficulties and ultimately lived a life of relative seclusion until her death in 1882.
Continue ReadingJames Prescott Joule
A prominent physicist contributed to the field of thermodynamics. Joule established the mechanical equivalent of heat, demonstrating the conversion of mechanical work into heat energy. This work laid foundational principles for energy conservation. In addition to his work in physics, Joule also had a background in brewing, leveraging his scientific knowledge to improve brewing processes. His experiments provided clarity on the relationship between heat and mechanical energy, influencing future studies in thermodynamics.
Continue ReadingCarl Remigius Fresenius
Born in 1818, a German chemist and academic. Played a crucial role in developing analytical chemistry and instruction. Established a laboratory at the University of Wiesbaden that became prominent for research and education in chemistry. Authored numerous texts that served as standard references in the field. His work laid the groundwork for modern analytical techniques used in various scientific disciplines.
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