Born in 1819
Christopher Latham Sholes
An influential figure in American publishing, contributed to the development of the typewriter. Served as a politician in the Wisconsin State Legislature. Developed a practical version of the modern typewriter, which led to widespread use in offices and homes. The QWERTY keyboard layout, designed to reduce jamming in early typewriters, was established through this innovation. Efforts in publishing included founding the first newspaper in Wisconsin.
Continue ReadingAlfred Escher
Established the Swiss railway system and significantly influenced the development of Swiss industry in the 19th century. Served as a member of the Federal Council of Switzerland and played a key role in the founding of the Swiss Federal Institute of Technology in Zurich. Advocated for infrastructure improvements and modernization in Switzerland.
Continue ReadingJames Russell Lowell
Born in 1819, this individual was a prominent American poet and critic, contributing significantly to the literary landscape of the 19th century. Associated with the Fireside Poets, published works included notable collections such as 'A Fable for Critics' and 'Under the Willows'. Apart from poetry, engaged in literary criticism and journalism, editing influential magazines like 'The Atlantic Monthly'. Also involved in social reform efforts and advocated for abolitionism and education.
Continue ReadingGustave de Molinari
Born in 1819, contributed to economic thought, focusing on the theories of free market and anarchism. Advocated for the privatization of public services, including defense and law enforcement. Published several works, including 'Principles of Political Economy' and 'The Society of Production.' Influenced libertarian thought and remains a significant figure in the study of political economy.
Continue ReadingJosé Paranhos
A prominent Brazilian politician and diplomat, Paranhos served as Minister of Foreign Affairs during the reign of Emperor Pedro II. Key policies included efforts to strengthen Brazil's position in international affairs and pursuing diplomatic relations in South America. He played a significant role in the abolition of slavery in Brazil and promoted policies to benefit the country’s economic development. Active in both domestic and foreign policy, he advocated for modernization within the Brazilian government and championed infrastructure projects.
Continue ReadingJames McCulloch
Born in Scotland, became a significant figure in Australian politics after migrating to Australia. Served as the 5th Premier of Victoria from 1863 to 1868. McCulloch played a pivotal role in the establishment of the Victorian Railways and faced challenges related to finance and governance during his tenure. Engaged in various political reforms, championed land policies, and was influential in shaping the political landscape of Victoria during the 19th century.
Continue ReadingJoseph Bazalgette
An engineer developed the modern sewerage system in London. Initiated the construction of a vast network of sewers completed in the 1860s, which effectively addressed the city's sanitation issues. The system eliminated the problem of sewage disposal into the River Thames, drastically improving public health conditions during a time of rapid urbanization.
Continue ReadingChlodwig
Held the position of Chancellor of Germany from 1894 to 1900, overseeing the nation's affairs during a significant period of political change. Contributed to the framing of policies that shaped the empire's direction. Also served as a diplomat, participating in negotiations and efforts to maintain stability in Europe.
Continue ReadingMaria II of Portugal
Born into a turbulent political environment, ascended to the throne in 1834 following the Liberal Wars. During reign, implemented constitutional reforms and navigated political instability. Played a significant role in the introduction of a constitutional monarchy in Portugal. Temporary abdication occurred in 1853, but returned to reign until death in 1856. Faced challenges from conflicting political factions and worked towards stabilizing the nation.
Continue Reading