Born in 1828
Luigi Oreglia di Santo Stefano
Luigi Oreglia di Santo Stefano served as a cardinal in the Roman Catholic Church and had a significant role in ecclesiastical diplomacy. Born in 1828, he was elevated to the cardinalate in 1893 by Pope Leo XIII. His tenure included significant involvements in church affairs during the tumultuous periods of the late 19th century, particularly regarding relations between the Vatican and various European states. He participated in the conclave that elected Pope Pius X in 1903. Oreglia held various posts within the Church, contributing to important diplomatic discussions.
Continue ReadingManuel Pavía y Rodríguez de Alburquerque
Born in 1828, a Spanish general played a significant role in the Carlist Wars, a series of civil wars in Spain. Participated in the first Carlist War and became a prominent figure in the military during the second Carlist War, especially noted for leadership in battles against Carlist forces. Instrumental in efforts to maintain the central government's authority during times of political unrest. Later served as the governor of several provinces and held various military commands, contributing to military strategy and administration in Spain. Retired with recognition and maintained influence in military circles throughout his life.
Continue ReadingLouise of the Netherlands
Born in 1828, a significant figure in Dutch royal history, served as queen consort of the Netherlands. After the death of King William II in 1849, assumed the role of regent for her son, the future King William III. Managed affairs of state during a tumultuous period, contributing to the stability of the monarchy. Actively engaged in social issues, including education and welfare initiatives, which shaped the welfare state in the Netherlands. Her leadership during her husband's reign solidified the monarchy's position in Dutch society.
Continue ReadingJules Bernard Luys
Contributed significantly to the field of neurology, focusing on brain anatomy and pathology. Authored multiple works on neurological conditions and their treatment. Introduced the term 'brainstem' and emphasized the importance of studying the brain's various structures. Conducted detailed research on Alzheimer’s disease and other neurological disorders, influencing future studies in the field.
Continue ReadingJoshua Chamberlain
Served as a Union general during the American Civil War and participated in notable battles such as Gettysburg. Elected as the 32nd Governor of Maine, he served four terms and focused on education and economic development. Chamberlain was awarded the Medal of Honor for bravery at the Battle of Gettysburg. After the war, he became involved in higher education, serving as president of Bowdoin College.
Continue ReadingClarence Cook
Born in 1828, this individual made significant contributions as an author and critic within the art community. Focusing on aesthetic theory, the writings captivated audiences and spurred discussions on art and culture. A notable work includes 'The Human Body,' which emphasized the artist's study of the human form. Engaged in art criticism, the individual critiqued exhibitions and published essays that shaped contemporary art discourse. The influence extended beyond authorship through editorial roles, aiding in establishing artistic standards in the United States.
Continue ReadingLeo Tolstoy
One of the most prominent authors in world literature, contributions include novels, plays, and essays. War and Peace, published in 1869, illustrated the impact of the Napoleonic Wars on Russian society and is widely regarded as a literary masterpiece. Another major work, Anna Karenina, explores themes of love and morality. Tolstoy's later life involved a strong focus on philosophy and spirituality, culminating in an embrace of nonviolent resistance and a critique of established institutions.
Continue ReadingWilliam Morgan
Born in England and later migrating to Australia, served as the 14th Premier of South Australia from 1875 to 1876. Held significant roles within the political landscape of the state during a period of expansion and change. Engaged in various political reforms and legislative initiatives aimed at improving governance and public welfare.
Continue ReadingAlexander Butlerov
Contributed significantly to organic chemistry and became a prominent figure in chemical education. Developed the theory of chemical structure, which provided a foundation for understanding molecular composition. Established the concept of structural formulas and demonstrated the importance of structural isomerism in organic compounds. Held a position at Kazan University, fostering a generation of chemists and advancing the field through both research and teaching.
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