Born in 1835
Josef Stefan
Contributed significantly to physics and mathematics, particularly in thermodynamics and heat transfer. Developed the Stefan-Boltzmann law, which describes the power radiated from a black body in terms of its temperature. Authored several important works that advanced the understanding of physical science in the 19th century. Served as a professor at the University of Graz, influencing future generations of scientists through teaching and research.
Continue ReadingFerdinand IV
Ruled as Grand Duke of Tuscany from 1859 to 1860. Oversaw the transition of the duchy through significant political changes during the Italian unification. Administered reforms in various sectors, including education and infrastructure, which laid the groundwork for future developments in the region. Emphasized cultural patronage, supporting the arts and sciences throughout his reign.
Continue ReadingKārlis Baumanis
A prominent Latvian composer, contributions included the development of choral music and the establishment of a national identity through song. Most recognized for composing the music to the Latvian national anthem, a significant cultural symbol. Worked extensively in the realm of folk music and organized various choirs that promoted national pride. The legacy includes a lasting influence on Latvian music and culture, with several choral works that continue to be performed today.
Continue ReadingFitzhugh Lee
An American general and politician, held significant roles during the American Civil War and served as the 40th Governor of Virginia from 1886 to 1890. Lee graduated from the United States Military Academy and quickly rose through the ranks during the Civil War, where he served under General J.E.B. Stuart in the cavalry. After the war, transitioned to a political career, focusing on the needs and governance of Virginia in the post-war period. Involved in various public works and infrastructure projects during the gubernatorial term, promoting development and restoration of the state. Also served as a U.S. Consul in Havana, Cuba.
Continue ReadingVictor Hensen
Contributed significantly to the field of marine biology with pioneering research on oceanic plankton. Developed the concept of the 'planktonic community' and was instrumental in establishing the scientific study of plankton. Conducted extensive studies that led to greater understanding of marine ecosystems and their inhabitants. Authored numerous scientific papers that laid the groundwork for future research in marine and ecological sciences. Held a professorship at the University of Kiel, where influential work was conducted.
Continue ReadingMary Hannah Gray Clarke
An American author, correspondent, and poet, contributions included works that reflected the socio-political landscape of her time. Involved in literary societies and contributed to various periodicals. Writings often showcased themes of feminism and social justice, engaging with contemporary issues through poetry and prose. Worked as a correspondent for notable publications, providing insights into the cultural and political milieu of the late 19th century.
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