Born in 1835
Wilhelm Rudolph Fittig
Born in 1835, a German chemist contributed significantly to organic chemistry. Worked extensively on the synthesis of various organic compounds and made important advancements in aromatic chemistry. Developed the Fittig reaction, which is utilized in organic synthesis for forming biaryl compounds. Held academic positions at universities and collaborated with notable chemists of the time.
Continue ReadingAlexander Emanuel Agassiz
Involved in the study of fish, served as a prominent ichthyologist and zoologist. Contributed extensively to the understanding of marine biology, particularly in the fields of classification and natural history. Engaged in underwater exploration and collected numerous specimens from different oceanic regions. Held various academic positions, influencing the study of marine life through lectures and publications.
Continue ReadingLyman Abbott
A prominent minister, theologian, and author, significant contributions include the promotion of social justice and progressive thought within religious circles. Served as a leader in the Congregational Church and co-founded the liberal religious journal The Outlook. Advocated for the idea of the social gospel, intertwining faith with social reform. Published numerous works addressing religion and ethics, influencing contemporary religious thought.
Continue ReadingFitzhugh Lee
An American general and politician, held significant roles during the American Civil War and served as the 40th Governor of Virginia from 1886 to 1890. Lee graduated from the United States Military Academy and quickly rose through the ranks during the Civil War, where he served under General J.E.B. Stuart in the cavalry. After the war, transitioned to a political career, focusing on the needs and governance of Virginia in the post-war period. Involved in various public works and infrastructure projects during the gubernatorial term, promoting development and restoration of the state. Also served as a U.S. Consul in Havana, Cuba.
Continue ReadingConrad Kohrs
Born in Germany, later immigrated to the United States and settled in Montana. Established a significant cattle ranch, which became one of the largest in the region. Played a key role in the development of the Montana cattle industry. Engaged in local politics, serving in various governmental capacities. Contributed to the establishment of the Montana State Fair, promoting agricultural interests.
Continue ReadingRobert Swinhoe
An English ornithologist and entomologist, contributed extensively to the study of birds and insects. Conducted major research in Asia, particularly in China, and documented several new species. Worked as a naturalist and was involved in numerous scientific expeditions. Published important works that provided insights into the avian fauna of various regions.
Continue ReadingJosef Stefan
Contributed significantly to physics and mathematics, particularly in thermodynamics and heat transfer. Developed the Stefan-Boltzmann law, which describes the power radiated from a black body in terms of its temperature. Authored several important works that advanced the understanding of physical science in the 19th century. Served as a professor at the University of Graz, influencing future generations of scientists through teaching and research.
Continue ReadingMary Hannah Gray Clarke
An American author, correspondent, and poet, contributions included works that reflected the socio-political landscape of her time. Involved in literary societies and contributed to various periodicals. Writings often showcased themes of feminism and social justice, engaging with contemporary issues through poetry and prose. Worked as a correspondent for notable publications, providing insights into the cultural and political milieu of the late 19th century.
Continue ReadingFerdinand IV
Ruled as Grand Duke of Tuscany from 1859 to 1860. Oversaw the transition of the duchy through significant political changes during the Italian unification. Administered reforms in various sectors, including education and infrastructure, which laid the groundwork for future developments in the region. Emphasized cultural patronage, supporting the arts and sciences throughout his reign.
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