Born in 1835
Wilhelm Rudolph Fittig
Born in 1835, a German chemist contributed significantly to organic chemistry. Worked extensively on the synthesis of various organic compounds and made important advancements in aromatic chemistry. Developed the Fittig reaction, which is utilized in organic synthesis for forming biaryl compounds. Held academic positions at universities and collaborated with notable chemists of the time.
Continue ReadingAlexander Emanuel Agassiz
Involved in the study of fish, served as a prominent ichthyologist and zoologist. Contributed extensively to the understanding of marine biology, particularly in the fields of classification and natural history. Engaged in underwater exploration and collected numerous specimens from different oceanic regions. Held various academic positions, influencing the study of marine life through lectures and publications.
Continue ReadingLyman Abbott
A prominent minister, theologian, and author, significant contributions include the promotion of social justice and progressive thought within religious circles. Served as a leader in the Congregational Church and co-founded the liberal religious journal The Outlook. Advocated for the idea of the social gospel, intertwining faith with social reform. Published numerous works addressing religion and ethics, influencing contemporary religious thought.
Continue ReadingKārlis Baumanis
A prominent Latvian composer, contributions included the development of choral music and the establishment of a national identity through song. Most recognized for composing the music to the Latvian national anthem, a significant cultural symbol. Worked extensively in the realm of folk music and organized various choirs that promoted national pride. The legacy includes a lasting influence on Latvian music and culture, with several choral works that continue to be performed today.
Continue ReadingCarl Theodor Schulz
A gardener and writer, contributed significantly to horticulture in Norway and Germany. Authored several influential books on gardening techniques, emphasizing practical methods and plant cultivation. Played a crucial role in the development of botanical gardens, focusing on native species and promoting sustainable gardening practices. His work encompassed both scientific approaches and artistic expressions in garden design.
Continue ReadingWilliam Quiller Orchardson
A prominent painter and educator, this individual specialized in portraiture and genre scenes during the late 19th century. His works often featured elaborate historical and allegorical themes, with a meticulous attention to detail and a strong sense of composition. This artist exhibited extensively at the Royal Academy and was recognized as an influential figure in the artistic community of his time. Significant contributions were made to the field of art education, guiding many aspiring artists and enhancing the appreciation of the visual arts. His work remains appreciated for its craftsmanship and thematic depth.
Continue ReadingMary Hannah Gray Clarke
An American author, correspondent, and poet, contributions included works that reflected the socio-political landscape of her time. Involved in literary societies and contributed to various periodicals. Writings often showcased themes of feminism and social justice, engaging with contemporary issues through poetry and prose. Worked as a correspondent for notable publications, providing insights into the cultural and political milieu of the late 19th century.
Continue ReadingCixi
Served as Empress Dowager of China from 1861 until 1908, overseeing significant political changes during the Qing Dynasty. Initially, held the position of regent for her son and later for her nephew, exerting considerable influence over the imperial court. Managed to maintain stability during times of internal strife and foreign pressures, including the Boxer Rebellion. Advocated for reforms in various sectors, including education and military. Played a crucial role in the transition of the Qing Dynasty towards modernization.
Continue ReadingVictor Hensen
Contributed significantly to the field of marine biology with pioneering research on oceanic plankton. Developed the concept of the 'planktonic community' and was instrumental in establishing the scientific study of plankton. Conducted extensive studies that led to greater understanding of marine ecosystems and their inhabitants. Authored numerous scientific papers that laid the groundwork for future research in marine and ecological sciences. Held a professorship at the University of Kiel, where influential work was conducted.
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