What Happened This Year 1866
People Who Died in 1866
Bernhard Riemann
A mathematician contributed significantly to the fields of analysis, differential geometry, and number theory. Riemann introduced concepts such as Riemann surfaces and Riemannian geometry, which laid the groundwork for modern mathematical analysis and theoretical physics. The Riemann Hypothesis, a conjecture regarding the distribution of prime numbers, remains one of the most important unsolved problems in mathematics. Riemann's methods also influenced later developments in complex analysis and topology.
Continue ReadingJohn Ross
Served as a principal chief of the Cherokee Nation from 1828 until 1866. Advocated for the rights of the Cherokee people during a period of forced removals and relocation known as the Trail of Tears. Played a significant role in negotiations with the U.S. government, promoting the interests of the Cherokee Nation. Fought to preserve Cherokee land and culture amid increasing pressures from settlers and state governments.
Continue ReadingGábor Klauzál
Served as the Minister of Agriculture in Hungary, contributing to agricultural reforms during the 19th century. Engaged in political movements aimed at modernization and enhancing the agricultural sector. Represented the interests of farmers and agricultural workers, advocating for their rights and welfare. Played a significant role in the broader political landscape of Hungary during a time of national awakening and reform.
Continue ReadingJohn Mason Neale
An English priest and scholar, contributed significantly to hymnody in the 19th century. Neale translated and composed numerous hymns, reflecting theological depth and musicality. His notable work includes the hymn 'Good Christian Men, Rejoice.' He served as a priest in various capacities and was dedicated to the welfare of the poor and the education of children. Neale also founded the Sisterhood of St. Margaret, advocating for social reform and religious devotion.
Continue ReadingTokugawa Iemochi
Served as the 14th shōgun of the Tokugawa shogunate from 1858 until death in 1866. Led the government during a time of crisis as Japan faced increasing external pressures and internal unrest. Had a significant role in the events leading up to the Meiji Restoration, which eventually ended the shogunate's rule. Managed to maintain stability in a tumultuous period but struggled with the demands for reform and modernization.
Continue ReadingKonstantin Flavitsky
A prominent Russian painter, contributed significantly to the development of historical painting in 19th-century Russia. Studied at the Academy of Fine Arts in St. Petersburg, where success at the Academy led to recognition and further opportunities. His works often depicted scenes from Russian history and literature, reflecting a deep understanding of the cultural heritage. Created acclaimed pieces such as 'The Death of the Russian General Kutuzov' and 'The Requiem', which showcased his mastery of composition and narrative. His style was heavily influenced by Romanticism, characterized by emotional depth and dramatic lighting. After death, continued to inspire future generations of Russian artists.
Continue ReadingPer Gustaf Svinhufvud af Qvalstad
Served as the treasurer of Tavastia province. Managed the financial affairs of the province and played a significant role in local governance. Contributed to the social and economic landscape of the region through his administrative work. Acted as a manor host, overseeing estate management and local community relations. Served as a paternal grandfather to P. E. Svinhufvud, who later became the President of Finland.
Continue ReadingMiguel I of Portugal
Ascended to the throne in 1828 after a coup, Miguel I ruled Portugal until 1834. His reign was marked by civil strife, particularly the Liberal Wars, where he opposed liberal constitutional changes. Miguel I was known for restoring absolutist monarchy and suppressing liberal movements. His controversial rule included a suspension of the charter constitution. After a defeat, he abdicated and went into exile in 1834, leading to the eventual establishment of constitutional monarchy in Portugal. He returned briefly to Portugal in the 1850s but remained mostly in exile until his death in 1866.
Continue ReadingGeorge Everest
A prominent geographer and surveyor, made significant contributions to the field of cartography. Led the Great Trigonometrical Survey of India, which was instrumental in producing accurate maps of the Indian subcontinent. Served as Surveyor General of India from 1830 to 1843. The highest mountain in the world, Mount Everest, was named in his honor, reflecting his impact on geographic science.
Continue Reading