What Happened This Year 1891
People Who Died in 1891
Johan Jongkind
A prominent painter associated with the Dutch Impressionist movement, this individual specialized in landscapes and marine scenes. Early training occurred in The Hague, followed by a significant period in Paris. Influenced by the works of fellow artists, this painter contributed to the development of a unique style that blended traditional techniques with new approaches to light and color. Collaboration with Vincent van Gogh inspired further exploration into impressionistic landscapes. The works produced often depicted the Dutch countryside and French coastal views, showcasing a dedicated attention to atmospheric effects and natural beauty.
Continue ReadingSofia Kovalevskaya
Born in Russia and later relocating to Sweden, this mathematician and physicist made significant contributions to analysis, partial differential equations, and mechanics. The first woman to obtain a doctorate in modern Europe, a groundbreaking achievement occurred in 1874 at the University of Göttingen. This work led to important advancements in mathematics, including the development of the Cauchy-Kovalevski theorem. The individual's research extended to literary contributions, including articles and texts aimed at popularizing mathematics and science. The appointment to a full professorship at Stockholm University marked a historic moment as the first woman in such a position in Northern Europe, further establishing a legacy in academia.
Continue ReadingWilliam Tecumseh Sherman
Served as a general in the Union Army during the American Civil War. Commanded the military division of the Mississippi, which played a pivotal role in several key campaigns. Conducted the famous March to the Sea, during which his troops advanced from Atlanta to Savannah, implementing a strategy of total war. This campaign significantly weakened Confederate resources and morale. After the war, occupied the position of commanding general of the United States Army.
Continue ReadingJames Timberlake
Served as a lieutenant in the United States Army during the Civil War. Later transitioned to a role in law enforcement as a police officer. His service included various responsibilities related to maintaining order and safety in the community. Contributed to the development of policing practices during the late 19th century in America.
Continue ReadingJoseph Bazalgette
An engineer developed the modern sewerage system in London. Initiated the construction of a vast network of sewers completed in the 1860s, which effectively addressed the city's sanitation issues. The system eliminated the problem of sewage disposal into the River Thames, drastically improving public health conditions during a time of rapid urbanization.
Continue ReadingJoseph E. Johnston
Served as a prominent general during the American Civil War, where leadership included significant battles such as the First Battle of Bull Run and the Atlanta Campaign. Also held the position of Confederate commander in various theaters of war. Post-war, engaged in politics as a member of the Democratic Party, serving in the U.S. House of Representatives and holding the role of governor of Georgia.
Continue ReadingGeorges Seurat
A key figure in the development of Pointillism, this painter is recognized for innovative techniques that employed small dots of color to create visual effects. Born in Paris, the artist studied at the École des Beaux-Arts and was influenced by Impressionism and the scientific theory of color. The most famous work, 'A Sunday Afternoon on the Island of La Grande Jatte', showcases the unique style, combining meticulous technique with social commentary. The painter's career, though brief, left a lasting legacy in the art world, influencing future movements and artists.
Continue ReadingAlbert Pike
A prominent lawyer and a general in the Confederate Army, played significant roles in various military operations during the American Civil War. Authored several important works on Freemasonry, becoming a leading figure in the Masonic community. Engaged in writing poetry and was involved in legal matters that shaped his regional influence. Contributed to the publication of Masonic literature, enhancing the understanding of Freemasonry.
Continue ReadingAhmed Vefik Pasha
A prominent literary figure and politician, served as the 249th Grand Vizier of the Ottoman Empire. Contributed significantly to Turkish theatre, with translations and adaptations of foreign works. Played a crucial role in the modernization of the Ottoman administration and education system. Actively participated in political reforms during a transformative period for the empire.
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