What Happened This Year 1913
People Who Died in 1913
Tokugawa Yoshinobu
Served as the last shōgun of the Tokugawa shogunate from 1867 until the Meiji Restoration in 1868. Focused on political reform and modernization efforts in response to internal and external pressures. Ultimately resigned and returned power to the emperor, marking the end of military governance in Japan. The restoration initiated significant political, social, and economic changes in the country.
Continue ReadingJuhan Liiv
An Estonian poet and author contributed significantly to Estonian literature. Active in the late 19th and early 20th centuries, explored themes of nature, life, and the Estonian identity. His poetry exhibited a deep connection to the landscape and culture of Estonia. The work often reflected personal struggles and broader societal issues, gaining recognition for its emotional depth and vivid imagery. Established a reputation as one of Estonia's foremost literary figures during a time when Estonia sought cultural independence.
Continue ReadingLuigi Oreglia di Santo Stefano
Luigi Oreglia di Santo Stefano served as a cardinal in the Roman Catholic Church and had a significant role in ecclesiastical diplomacy. Born in 1828, he was elevated to the cardinalate in 1893 by Pope Leo XIII. His tenure included significant involvements in church affairs during the tumultuous periods of the late 19th century, particularly regarding relations between the Vatican and various European states. He participated in the conclave that elected Pope Pius X in 1903. Oreglia held various posts within the Church, contributing to important diplomatic discussions.
Continue ReadingCamille Jenatzy
A Belgian race car driver gained prominence in the early 20th century. Pioneered automotive speed records, becoming the first individual to exceed 100 km/h in a vehicle. Achieved this record in 1899 with the electric vehicle known as La Jamais Contente. Competed in various international competitions, showcasing abilities in both endurance and speed. Contributed to the development of electric vehicle technology and racing innovation until untimely death.
Continue ReadingCarl von In der Maur
Served as the governor of Liechtenstein during pivotal years in the late 19th century. Focused on modernizing the administration and enhancing the legal framework of the principality. Engaged in diplomatic efforts to strengthen relations with neighboring countries. His tenure contributed to the stability and governance of Liechtenstein, shaping its political landscape during a critical period.
Continue ReadingMenelik II
Ascended to the throne in 1889, held the title of Emperor of Ethiopia and played a pivotal role in modernizing the country. Fought against Italian colonization, leading Ethiopian forces to a decisive victory at the Battle of Adwa in 1896, which secured Ethiopian sovereignty. Focused on expanding Ethiopian territory and implementing reforms in governance and infrastructure, including the construction of roads and railways. His reign marked a significant period in Ethiopian history, characterized by territorial consolidation and diplomatic engagement with European powers.
Continue ReadingAhmet Mithat Efendi
An influential figure in Turkish literature and journalism, contributed extensively to the understanding of Western literature. Worked as a translator, introducing major works of European literature to Turkish audiences. Founded several newspapers, including the influential 'Tercüman-ı Hakikat'. Engaged in literary efforts that promoted the modernization of Turkish language and thought.
Continue ReadingHenry Billings Brown
Graduated from the University of Michigan Law School and practiced law in Michigan. Appointed to the United States District Court for the Eastern District of Michigan in 1891 and served until 1903. Nominated by President William McKinley to the Supreme Court in 1890. Contributed to significant rulings, including the decision in Plessy v. Ferguson, which upheld the constitutionality of racial segregation under the 'separate but equal' doctrine.
Continue ReadingArturo Graf
Born to German ancestry, a significant presence in Italian literature. Graf contributed to poetry and literary criticism, often exploring themes of the human condition. His work integrated influences from both Italian and German literary traditions, reflecting the complexity of his cultural background. Best recognized for the collection of poems 'I Canti' and his critical essays that engaged with contemporary literary movements. Graf's literary pursuits extended beyond poetry, influencing the discourse on artistic expression in Italy.
Continue Reading