What Happened This Year 1939
Historical Events from This Year 1939
Soviet Forces Invade Eastern Poland
On this date, the Soviet Union launched its invasion of eastern Poland following an agreement with Nazi Germany. The invasion began around dawn, with Soviet troops moving quickly to occupy areas left defenseless after the German advance. The action was part of a larger strategy agreed upon in the Molotov-Ribbentrop Pact, which allowed both powers to divide Eastern Europe between them. The occupation faced little resistance from Polish forces that were already engaged in fighting against the German invasion from the west.
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Polish Government Flees to Romania
Amid the German invasion of Poland, President Ignacy Mościcki and his government fled Warsaw and made their way to Romania for safety. This move was precipitated by the rapid advance of the Wehrmacht and the disintegration of Polish defenses, leading to the evacuation of key state officials to seek refuge and continue operations from exile.
Continue ReadingGermany Begins Transmitting Nazi Propaganda
Germany Calling was an influential Nazi radio broadcast initiated in 1939 to disseminate propaganda aimed at influencing both domestic and international audiences. This initiative represented an early use of radio for political persuasion, offering Germany's perspective on events surrounding World War II. The broadcasts targeted listeners in other countries, particularly in the UK, leveraging the power of radio to shape public opinion and counteract enemy narratives. Speeches included content designed to cast Hitler and the Nazi regime in a favorable light, while discrediting opposing views.
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Concluding Clash at Kępa Oksywska
The Battle of Kępa Oksywska, fought during World War II, was a significant clash between Polish forces and the invading German army in September 1939. Located near Gdynia, the battle unfolded as Polish units attempted to defend key positions against a relentless German onslaught. Despite their tenacity, Polish troops faced overwhelming odds. The Germans employed superior tactics and artillery, leading to heavy Polish casualties. By the conclusion, it was estimated that Polish losses reached around 14% of their total deployed forces, illustrating the battle's intensity and the desperate nature of Poland's defense amid the invasion.
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Armand Călinescu Assassinated by Iron Guard
Romanian Prime Minister Armand Călinescu was assassinated by members of the Iron Guard, a far-right nationalist movement, on September 21, 1939. The assassination occurred in Bucharest, Romania, where his opposition to the Iron Guard's violent tactics and anti-Semitic policies had made him a target. Călinescu had been pursuing measures to strengthen state authority against extremist groups, which ultimately precipitated his attack.
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Joint German-Soviet Military Parade in Brest-Litovsk
A joint military parade took place in Brest-Litovsk, celebrating the success of the German and Soviet invasion of Poland. This event symbolized the collaboration between Germany and the Soviet Union in this military campaign, marked by displays of military might from both nations. Soldiers marched, weapons were showcased, and the overarching theme was the swift and coordinated effort in seizing Polish territory. The parade was a potent demonstration of the new alliance formed under the Molotov-Ribbentrop Pact, emphasizing the changing dynamics of Eastern Europe.
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Division of Poland by Nazi Germany and Soviet Union
Nazi Germany and the Soviet Union formalized a partition of Poland following the invasion that began in early September. This early establishment of boundaries was part of the Molotov-Ribbentrop Pact, which had been signed weeks before. The agreement outlined spheres of influence that allowed both powers to annex vast territories of Poland, marking a significant realignment in Eastern Europe. This division would have profound effects on the lives of millions of Poles and the geopolitical landscape in the region.
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Fall of Warsaw: The Siege Concludes
The Siege of Warsaw, a critical conflict during World War II, ended as German forces captured the Polish capital. Lasting for over two weeks, Warsaw was subjected to intense bombardment and ground attacks. The city, fortified by Polish troops, valiantly defended against the overwhelming might of the Wehrmacht. The fall of Warsaw marked a significant moment in the early phase of the war, resulting in the swift subjugation of Poland. This development set the stage for further German advances into Europe.
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Władysław Sikorski Becomes Prime Minister
On September 30, 1939, Władysław Sikorski was appointed as the Prime Minister of the Polish government-in-exile following Poland's invasion by German and Soviet forces. Sikorski, a decorated military leader and politician, took charge of the exiled government, which was based in Paris. His leadership came at a critical time when Poland faced overwhelming military defeat and needed to galvanize international support. The aim was to ensure the continuity of the Polish state while seeking to build alliances against the Axis powers.
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