What Happened This Year 1844

Born in 1844

Franz Xavier Wernz

Religious Leader, Superior General of Jesuits
Born
December 4th, 1844 180 years ago
Died
August 19th, 1914 110 years ago — 69 years old

Served as the 25th Superior General of the Society of Jesus from 1892 to 1906. Focused on the revitalization and expansion of Jesuit education and missions during a challenging period for the society. Played a crucial role in reestablishing the Jesuits in various countries after their suppression in the 18th century. Aimed to strengthen the formation of Jesuit members and emphasized the importance of academic excellence and pastoral engagement.

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Womesh Chunder Bonnerjee

Indian barrister and Congress leader
Born
December 29th, 1844 180 years ago
Died
1906 119 years ago — 62 years old

Born in 1844, this individual was an Indian barrister and a prominent political figure. This person played a crucial role in the formation of the Indian National Congress in 1885, serving as its first president. His work laid the groundwork for future political movements in India, advocating for greater representation and rights for Indians under British rule. In addition to legal practice, this individual contributed to various socio-political discussions, focusing on the rights of the Indian populace. His leadership during the early stages of organized Indian politics marked a significant moment in the country's journey toward independence.

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John A. Roche

30th Mayor of Chicago
Born
1844 181 years ago
Died
February 10th, 1904 121 years ago — 60 years old

Served as the 30th Mayor of Chicago from 1887 to 1889. Prior to this role, held positions including City Treasurer and State Senator. Contributed to the city's development during a period of significant growth. Focused on urban issues, infrastructure enhancement, and public services.

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Charles-Émile Reynaud

French scientist and inventor of animation
Born
1844 181 years ago
Died
January 9th, 1918 107 years ago — 74 years old

Contributed to the field of animation through the invention of the Praxinoscope, an early device for viewing animated images. Developed the theater optical device, the Théâtre Optique, which projected animated images on a screen. Made significant advancements in the use of sequential image display, laying groundwork for modern animation techniques. Engaged in educational efforts to promote the understanding of optical phenomena.

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Paul Singer

German politician and reform advocate
Born
1844 181 years ago
Died
January 31st, 1911 114 years ago — 67 years old

A German politician, contributed significantly to the development of social reforms in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. Engaged in efforts aimed at improving the living conditions of workers and promoting labor rights. Primary focus was on advancing social legislation, particularly in the areas of health and labor. Elected as a member of the German Reichstag, where he advocated for progressive policies and social justice.

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George Leslie Mackay

Canadian missionary and author
Born
1844 181 years ago
Died
June 2nd, 1901 123 years ago — 57 years old

A Canadian missionary worked primarily in Taiwan, where established a significant Presbyterian mission. Focused on education, health care, and social reforms, contributed to cultural exchange between Canada and Taiwan. Authored several books detailing experiences and observations during time spent in Taiwan. Received notable recognition for efforts in language preservation and education.

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Menelik II

Ethiopian emperor during the Battle of Adwa
Born
1844 181 years ago
Died
December 12th, 1913 111 years ago — 69 years old

Ascended to the throne in 1889, held the title of Emperor of Ethiopia and played a pivotal role in modernizing the country. Fought against Italian colonization, leading Ethiopian forces to a decisive victory at the Battle of Adwa in 1896, which secured Ethiopian sovereignty. Focused on expanding Ethiopian territory and implementing reforms in governance and infrastructure, including the construction of roads and railways. His reign marked a significant period in Ethiopian history, characterized by territorial consolidation and diplomatic engagement with European powers.

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Abdur Rahman Khan

Emir of Afghanistan, the Iron Amir
Born
1844 181 years ago
Died
October 1st, 1901 123 years ago — 57 years old

An Afghan emir, served as the ruler of Afghanistan from 1880 to 1901. Directed the consolidation of the Afghan state following years of turmoil, emphasizing national unity and centralized power. Implemented significant reforms to modernize the military and administration. Strengthened Afghanistan's sovereignty against British interference, navigating complex relationships with Russia and Britain during the Great Game. Focused on infrastructure development, including communication and transportation improvements, to facilitate trade and governance.

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Konstantin Savitsky

Russian painter of landscapes and portraits
Born
1844 181 years ago
Died
February 13th, 1905 120 years ago — 61 years old

Born in 1844, a prominent Russian painter focused on landscapes and genre scenes. Studied at the Imperial Academy of Arts in St. Petersburg. Developed a style characterized by rich color and detailed representations of rural life. Participated in exhibitions, contributing to the emergence of the Peredvizhniki movement, which aimed to create art that depicted social issues and the lives of ordinary people. His works reflect a deep appreciation for nature and human experiences, with a particular interest in portraying the life and struggles of peasants. Died in 1905.

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