What Happened This Year 1844

Born in 1844

Franz Xavier Wernz

Religious Leader, Superior General of Jesuits
Born
December 4th, 1844 180 years ago
Died
August 19th, 1914 110 years ago — 69 years old

Served as the 25th Superior General of the Society of Jesus from 1892 to 1906. Focused on the revitalization and expansion of Jesuit education and missions during a challenging period for the society. Played a crucial role in reestablishing the Jesuits in various countries after their suppression in the 18th century. Aimed to strengthen the formation of Jesuit members and emphasized the importance of academic excellence and pastoral engagement.

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Womesh Chunder Bonnerjee

Indian barrister and Congress leader
Born
December 29th, 1844 180 years ago
Died
1906 119 years ago — 62 years old

Born in 1844, this individual was an Indian barrister and a prominent political figure. This person played a crucial role in the formation of the Indian National Congress in 1885, serving as its first president. His work laid the groundwork for future political movements in India, advocating for greater representation and rights for Indians under British rule. In addition to legal practice, this individual contributed to various socio-political discussions, focusing on the rights of the Indian populace. His leadership during the early stages of organized Indian politics marked a significant moment in the country's journey toward independence.

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Abdur Rahman Khan

Emir of Afghanistan, the Iron Amir
Born
1844 181 years ago
Died
October 1st, 1901 123 years ago — 57 years old

An Afghan emir, served as the ruler of Afghanistan from 1880 to 1901. Directed the consolidation of the Afghan state following years of turmoil, emphasizing national unity and centralized power. Implemented significant reforms to modernize the military and administration. Strengthened Afghanistan's sovereignty against British interference, navigating complex relationships with Russia and Britain during the Great Game. Focused on infrastructure development, including communication and transportation improvements, to facilitate trade and governance.

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Menelik II

Ethiopian emperor during the Battle of Adwa
Born
1844 181 years ago
Died
December 12th, 1913 111 years ago — 69 years old

Ascended to the throne in 1889, held the title of Emperor of Ethiopia and played a pivotal role in modernizing the country. Fought against Italian colonization, leading Ethiopian forces to a decisive victory at the Battle of Adwa in 1896, which secured Ethiopian sovereignty. Focused on expanding Ethiopian territory and implementing reforms in governance and infrastructure, including the construction of roads and railways. His reign marked a significant period in Ethiopian history, characterized by territorial consolidation and diplomatic engagement with European powers.

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Steinar Schjøtt

Norwegian Philologist and Lexicographer
Born
1844 181 years ago
Died
January 11th, 1920 105 years ago — 76 years old

Contributed significantly to the field of philology and lexicography. Focused on the study and documentation of the Norwegian language. Published dictionaries and works that defined linguistic research in Norway. Helped to preserve and modernize the understanding of Norwegian dialects and vocabulary.

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Mikelis Avlichos

Greek poet and scholar
Born
1844 181 years ago
Died
November 28th, 1917 107 years ago — 73 years old

A prominent figure in Greek literature, contributed significantly to poetry and scholarship. Explored themes of nationalism and identity through literary works. Engaged in intellectual circles and influenced contemporary thought in Greece. Published numerous poems and essays that examined cultural and historical aspects of Greece, contributing to a deeper understanding of national heritage. Renowned for extensive knowledge of classical literature and its application in modern Greek context.

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Édouard Branly

Physicist recognized for invention of coherer
Born
1844 181 years ago
Died
March 24th, 1940 84 years ago — 96 years old

Contributed significantly to the field of physics, particularly in telecommunications. Developed the coherer, an early device used in radio receivers, which enhanced the ability to detect electromagnetic waves. Held a position as a professor, sharing knowledge and conducting research in the sciences. Engaged in studies related to the transmission of radio waves, paving the way for advancements in wireless communication technology.

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Karl Lueger

Austrian politician, Mayor of Vienna
Born
1844 181 years ago
Died
March 10th, 1910 115 years ago — 66 years old

Practiced law in Austria before entering politics. Served as Mayor of Vienna from 1897 until death in 1910. Implemented extensive urban and economic reforms in Vienna. Gained a significant following for addressing the needs of the working class and promoting public infrastructure. His tenure was marked by controversial policies and a focus on social issues. Posthumously recognized for contributions to Vienna's development.

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Marcel-Auguste Dieulafoy

French archaeologist and engineer
Born
1844 181 years ago
Died
February 25th, 1920 105 years ago — 76 years old

Contributed significantly to the field of archaeology and engineering through various excavations and publications. Focused on Persian architecture during the 19th century. Conducted notable excavations at the ancient city of Susa in modern-day Iran, providing insights into its historical significance. Developed techniques for archaeological restoration and documentation, which enhanced the understanding of ancient civilizations.

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