Born in 1844
Steinar Schjøtt
Contributed significantly to the field of philology and lexicography. Focused on the study and documentation of the Norwegian language. Published dictionaries and works that defined linguistic research in Norway. Helped to preserve and modernize the understanding of Norwegian dialects and vocabulary.
Continue ReadingSpencer Trask
Spencer Trask was an American financier and philanthropist active in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. He co-founded the banking firm, Spencer Trask & Co., which played a significant role in financing many innovative projects and companies during the Gilded Age. Trask was also deeply involved in philanthropic efforts, contributing to cultural and educational institutions, notably the Metropolitan Museum of Art. He served on the boards of various organizations aimed at advancing arts and sciences. His contributions to the finance sector and charitable foundations greatly influenced the development of American culture and economy in his era.
Continue ReadingAhmet Mithat Efendi
An influential figure in Turkish literature and journalism, contributed extensively to the understanding of Western literature. Worked as a translator, introducing major works of European literature to Turkish audiences. Founded several newspapers, including the influential 'Tercüman-ı Hakikat'. Engaged in literary efforts that promoted the modernization of Turkish language and thought.
Continue ReadingAdolf Engler
Engler specialized in botany and contributed significantly to plant classification and taxonomy. He authored the 'Der Pflanzenreich' series, which systematically organized plants based on their relationships. Engler held a professor position at the University of Berlin and was one of the founders of the Botanical Garden of Berlin. His work helped establish a systematic framework that greatly influenced botanical studies and research.
Continue ReadingKonstantin Savitsky
Born in 1844, a prominent Russian painter focused on landscapes and genre scenes. Studied at the Imperial Academy of Arts in St. Petersburg. Developed a style characterized by rich color and detailed representations of rural life. Participated in exhibitions, contributing to the emergence of the Peredvizhniki movement, which aimed to create art that depicted social issues and the lives of ordinary people. His works reflect a deep appreciation for nature and human experiences, with a particular interest in portraying the life and struggles of peasants. Died in 1905.
Continue ReadingAbdur Rahman Khan
An Afghan emir, served as the ruler of Afghanistan from 1880 to 1901. Directed the consolidation of the Afghan state following years of turmoil, emphasizing national unity and centralized power. Implemented significant reforms to modernize the military and administration. Strengthened Afghanistan's sovereignty against British interference, navigating complex relationships with Russia and Britain during the Great Game. Focused on infrastructure development, including communication and transportation improvements, to facilitate trade and governance.
Continue ReadingMarcel-Auguste Dieulafoy
Contributed significantly to the field of archaeology and engineering through various excavations and publications. Focused on Persian architecture during the 19th century. Conducted notable excavations at the ancient city of Susa in modern-day Iran, providing insights into its historical significance. Developed techniques for archaeological restoration and documentation, which enhanced the understanding of ancient civilizations.
Continue ReadingKarl Lueger
Practiced law in Austria before entering politics. Served as Mayor of Vienna from 1897 until death in 1910. Implemented extensive urban and economic reforms in Vienna. Gained a significant following for addressing the needs of the working class and promoting public infrastructure. His tenure was marked by controversial policies and a focus on social issues. Posthumously recognized for contributions to Vienna's development.
Continue ReadingMenelik II
Ascended to the throne in 1889, held the title of Emperor of Ethiopia and played a pivotal role in modernizing the country. Fought against Italian colonization, leading Ethiopian forces to a decisive victory at the Battle of Adwa in 1896, which secured Ethiopian sovereignty. Focused on expanding Ethiopian territory and implementing reforms in governance and infrastructure, including the construction of roads and railways. His reign marked a significant period in Ethiopian history, characterized by territorial consolidation and diplomatic engagement with European powers.
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