What Happened This Year 1857
Born in 1857
John Jacob Abel
A prominent American biochemist and pharmacologist, contributed significantly to the field of pharmacology. Founded the first department of pharmacology in the United States at Johns Hopkins University. Focused research on the action of hormones and the pharmacological effects of various drugs. Developed techniques that advanced the study of drug metabolism and effects on the human body. His work laid the foundation for modern pharmacology and biochemistry.
Continue ReadingTheodor Curtius
Contributions to organic chemistry included the development of the Curtius rearrangement, a reaction involving the conversion of carboxylic acids to isocyanates. Work included studies on photochemical reactions and the synthesis of new compounds. Published extensively in scientific journals, enhancing knowledge in organic chemistry. Collaborated with various researchers in the field, influencing further studies and methodologies.
Continue ReadingPope Pius XI
Served as pope from 1922 until death in 1939. Played a pivotal role in the Catholic Church's engagement with the modern world. Issued multiple encyclicals, addressing social issues and promoting peace. Established the Vatican Radio and signed the Lateran Treaty, which resolved the Roman Question by recognizing the Vatican City as an independent state.
Continue ReadingKarl Adolph Gjellerup
Born in 1857, a Danish author and poet contributed significantly to literature during the late 19th and early 20th centuries. Gjellerup's works often explored themes of spirituality and existentialism, reflecting the intellectual currents of his time. He gained international recognition for his literary contributions, culminating in the receipt of the Nobel Prize in Literature in 1917. His writings include both poetry and prose, showcasing a deep engagement with philosophical ideas and a quest for meaning. Gjellerup's influence extended beyond Denmark, as he became an important figure in the literary movements of his era.
Continue ReadingEdward Elgar
A prominent English composer, contributions include works that have become staples of the orchestral and choral repertoire. Significant compositions include the 'Enigma Variations', which showcases a theme with numerous variations, and the 'Pomp and Circumstance Marches', specifically the first march, which gained vast popularity and is often played at graduation ceremonies. Elgar also composed the 'Violin Concerto in B minor', noted for its depth and lyrical quality. Alongside composition, involvement in education as an academic strengthened the field of music.
Continue ReadingAleksandr Lyapunov
Contributions included significant advancements in mathematical analysis and stability theory, particularly in dynamic systems. Produced the Lyapunov stability criterion, a foundational concept in control theory. Worked extensively on probabilistic theories and differential equations, shaping the field of mathematical physics. His work laid the groundwork for future developments in both mathematics and engineering applications. Later contributions included studies on the stability of nonlinear systems and the development of Lyapunov functions, which are essential in various engineering fields. Engaged in education, influencing future generations of mathematicians and scientists.
Continue ReadingMaurice Perrault
Involved in architecture and civil engineering, held the position of 15th Mayor of Longueuil, contributing to local governance and urban planning. Engaged in various infrastructure projects that shaped the development of the area during the late 19th century. Also participated in provincial politics, influencing policies that affected municipal affairs. The career spanned several decades of civic service.
Continue ReadingArthur Arz von Straußenburg
Arthur Arz von Straußenburg served as an Austrian-Hungarian general during World War I. He held significant command positions on the Eastern and Italian fronts. His military career began in the Austro-Hungarian Army prior to the war. Arz played a crucial role in various campaigns, including the Battle of Caporetto, where he was pivotal in the success of the Austro-Hungarian forces against the Italian army. He eventually rose to the position of Chief of the General Staff in 1917, overseeing military operations for the Austro-Hungarian Empire during the final years of the war. After the war, Arz contributed to military policy and legacy discussions in the post-war period.
Continue ReadingHenry Clay Folger
An American businessman and philanthropist, contributed significantly to the field of literature through the establishment of a notable library. Founded the Folger Shakespeare Library in Washington, D.C., which houses the largest collection of William Shakespeare's works. The library opened to the public in 1932 and has served as a major center for research and education on Shakespeare and his time.
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