What Happened This Year 1857
Born in 1857
Arthur Wesley Dow
A significant figure in American art, contributions included painting and photography, focusing on Asian design principles and their influence on Western art. Dow served as an educator, teaching at various institutions, including the Teacher's College at Columbia University. His written works, particularly 'Composition: A Series of Exercises in Art Structure for Students of All Art', provided guidance on artistic practice and education. Dow's approach emphasized harmony, balance, and beauty in composition.
Continue ReadingClarence Darrow
A prominent attorney in the early 20th century, this individual gained recognition for defending high-profile clients in several landmark cases. The defense of John Scopes in the Scopes Monkey Trial represented a significant moment in the American legal landscape, addressing themes of science versus religion. Additionally, defended Leopold and Loeb in a notorious murder case, which raised questions about morality and criminal psychology. Authored multiple works advocating for civil liberties and justice reform.
Continue ReadingRuggero Leoncavallo
Born in Italy, a composer gained prominence for contributions to the operatic genre. The most recognized work, 'Pagliacci', premiered in 1892 and became a staple of the operatic repertoire. His other significant works include 'Zaza' and 'I Medici'. Leoncavallo focused on the verismo style, emphasizing realistic narratives and emotional depth in his compositions. He also wrote numerous orchestral and vocal pieces throughout his career.
Continue ReadingTheodor Kittelsen
A prominent Norwegian painter and illustrator, contributed significantly to the artistic depiction of Norwegian folklore and nature. Kittelsen's works emphasized the beauty and mystery of the natural landscape, often integrating mythical and supernatural elements. His illustrations in children's books and fairy tales brought traditional tales to life, captivating audiences. The iconic illustration series 'Hamlet' and 'Nattergalen' reflect his distinctive style. Throughout his career, exhibited at numerous galleries, showcasing oil paintings and illustrations that celebrated Norwegian culture and scenery. Inspired by folklore and the wilderness, Kittelsen remains a seminal figure in Norwegian art history.
Continue ReadingEugen Bleuler
A Swiss psychiatrist contributed significantly to the understanding of mental illness. Coined the term 'schizophrenia' to describe a spectrum of psychotic disorders. Introduced the concept of 'autism' in relation to schizophrenia, emphasizing the withdrawal from reality. Served as the director of the Psychiatric Clinic at the University of Zurich. Advocated for humane treatment of patients, moving away from institutionalization. Entered the debate on eugenics, influencing thoughts on mental health and heredity.
Continue ReadingTheo van Gogh
An influential art dealer in the late 19th century, played a key role in promoting the works of Vincent van Gogh. Managed the art gallery Goupil & Cie and worked closely with many Impressionist artists. Provided financial and emotional support to Vincent, encouraging his artistic development. After Vincent's death, became a champion of his brother's work, helping to establish his posthumous reputation.
Continue ReadingWilliam A. MacCorkle
Served as the 9th Governor of West Virginia from 1893 to 1897. Focused on educational reform and infrastructure development during the governorship. Prior experience included service in the West Virginia House of Delegates and the Senate. Engaged in legal practice and contributed to the establishment of local institutions.
Continue ReadingRonald Ross
A physician and mathematician emerged as a prominent figure in the study of malaria. Conducted groundbreaking research on mosquito-borne diseases while working in India. Received the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 1902 for discovering the life cycle of the malaria parasite within Anopheles mosquitoes. The work laid the foundation for malaria control and prevention methods, significantly influencing public health efforts worldwide. His contributions extended to various aspects of disease transmission and vector control, marking a milestone in the understanding of infectious diseases.
Continue ReadingWilliamina Fleming
A Scottish-American astronomer and academic contributed to the field of astronomy while working at the Harvard College Observatory. Developed a system for classifying stars based on their spectral characteristics. Played a key role in the identification of variable stars and made significant contributions to the study of nebulae. Her work included creating the Henry Draper Catalogue, which documented stellar classifications.
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