What Happened This Year 1861

Born in 1861

Camillo Laurenti

Italian Cardinal, Papal Nuncio in Brazil
Born
November 20th, 1861 163 years ago
Died
1938 87 years ago — 77 years old

Ordained as a priest, served in various positions within the Roman Catholic Church, including roles in the Congregation for the Propagation of the Faith. Appointed as Papal Nuncio to Brazil, facilitated relations between the Holy See and Brazilian government. Elevated to the rank of Cardinal, participated in significant church convocations and discussions.

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Ranavalona III

Queen of Madagascar, last monarch
Born
November 22nd, 1861 163 years ago
Died
1917 108 years ago — 56 years old

Ascended the throne of Madagascar in 1883 and served as the last reigning monarch until the French colonization in 1897. Faced the challenges of foreign influence and internal strife while maintaining the sovereignty of the kingdom. After the French annexation, was exiled to Réunion and later to Algiers, where she lived until her death in 1917.

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Cyrus Edwin Dallin

American sculptor and educator
Born
November 22nd, 1861 163 years ago
Died
1944 81 years ago — 83 years old

An American sculptor and educator, this individual created notable works that depict Indigenous themes and American history. Born in 1861, the artist engaged with various materials, primarily working in bronze. Contributing significantly to public art, several sculptures reside in prominent locations across the United States. The most recognized work remains the 'Appeal to the Great Spirit,' a commemorative piece displayed at the entrance of the Boston Public Library. In addition to sculpting, this person impacted the field through teaching and mentorship, shaping future artists.

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Hannes Hafstein

Icelandic poet and first Prime Minister
Born
December 4th, 1861 163 years ago
Died
December 13th, 1922 102 years ago — 61 years old

Born in 1861, contributed significantly to Icelandic literature and politics. Served as the first Prime Minister of Iceland from 1904 to 1907. Actively engaged in promoting Iceland's cultural identity through poetry and political advocacy.

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Konstantin Korovin

Painter and set designer with iconic works
Born
December 5th, 1861 163 years ago
Died
September 11th, 1939 85 years ago — 77 years old

Born in 1861, this individual was a Russian-French painter and set designer, recognized for contributions to theatrical art and impressionist painting. Studied at the Moscow School of Painting, Sculpture, and Architecture, and later in Paris, where exposure to European art influenced style. Created vivid landscapes and dynamic stage designs, emphasizing color and light. Served as the chief designer for major productions at the Moscow Art Theatre. Works were characterized by emotional depth and vibrant hues, reflecting experiences in both Russia and France.

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Henri Mathias Berthelot

French general during World War I
Born
December 7th, 1861 163 years ago
Died
1931 94 years ago — 70 years old

Served as a French general during World War I, Berthelot played a crucial role in several key battles on the Western Front. He was instrumental in the planning and execution of military strategies that contributed to the Allied victory. His leadership skills were particularly evident during the Battle of Verdun, where he oversaw the operations that helped stabilize the French front. In recognition of his contributions, he received numerous accolades and was promoted to higher command positions throughout the war.

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William C. Durant

Businessman, founder of General Motors
Born
December 8th, 1861 163 years ago
Died
March 18th, 1947 77 years ago — 85 years old

Founded General Motors in 1908 and played a pivotal role in revolutionizing the automotive industry. Launched Chevrolet in 1911, which became one of the most prominent automobile brands. Advocated for the development of innovative manufacturing techniques and established a network of dealerships that expanded automotive accessibility. Experienced ups and downs in the business world, including a period of bankruptcy in the 1930s before making a comeback. Durant's vision and leadership helped shape the modern automobile market.

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Georges Méliès

French film director and illusionist
Born
December 8th, 1861 163 years ago
Died
January 21st, 1938 87 years ago — 76 years old

A pioneering figure in filmmaking, primarily recognized for creating the first narrative films and introducing special effects. Established the use of multiple scenes in a single shot and storytelling in cinema. Directed and starred in over 500 films, with a significant impact on the art form during the early 20th century. The film 'A Trip to the Moon' (1902) showcased innovative techniques and visual storytelling that influenced future filmmakers. Founded the Star Film Company, which produced many of the earliest fantasy films, helping to define the genre and artistic possibilities of cinema.

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Aristide Maillol

French sculptor and painter
Born
December 8th, 1861 163 years ago
Died
1944 81 years ago — 83 years old

A significant figure in French sculpture and painting, this artist's work reflected a synthesis of classical forms and modern sensibilities. Moving away from the elaborate styles of the 19th century, focused on simplicity and the human figure. Began career in painting before fully dedicating to sculpture, which led to recognition in the early 20th century. Developed a distinctive approach that emphasized the beauty of the human body, often inspired by classical themes. His sculptures became noted for their harmony and strength, contributing to the development of modern sculpture.

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