What Happened This Year 1945
People Who Died in 1945
Vidkun Quisling
A military officer and politician, held the position of Minister President of Norway during World War II. Collaborated with Nazi Germany after the invasion in 1940. Established a provisional government under German control, enacting policies aligned with the occupiers. Quisling's regime was marked by significant repression and collaboration with the Nazis, leading to his notoriety as a traitor in Norway. After the war, faced trial for treason and was executed in 1945.
Continue ReadingRobert Ley
Born in 1890, a German politician active in the National Socialist German Workers' Party (NSDAP). Ley played a significant role in the German labor movement, becoming the head of the German Labour Front (Deutsche Arbeitsfront) after the abolition of trade unions in Nazi Germany. He was instrumental in promoting the party's labor policies and overseeing the organization of workers in Nazi Germany. Ley contributed to the construction of the Strength Through Joy program, aiming to provide leisure activities and vacations for workers. His leadership position afforded him influence over labor policies in the Third Reich until the fall of the regime in 1945.
Continue ReadingPaul Pelliot
A prominent sinologist and explorer, significant contributions include extensive research on the history and culture of China. Conducted major expeditions along the Silk Road, particularly in the early 20th century. Focused on the study of ancient texts and artifacts, many of which contributed to the understanding of Buddhism's development and diffusion in Asia. Worked with institutions to document and preserve historical findings.
Continue ReadingAleksey Krylov
Contributed significantly to the fields of applied mathematics and mechanics. Developed theories related to the stability of floating bodies and maritime mechanics. Authored key works on hydrodynamics, especially in relation to ship design and stability. Served as a professor at several institutions, fostering the growth of mathematical studies in Russia.
Continue ReadingKesago Nakajima
Served as a general in the Imperial Japanese Army during World War II. Participated in various military operations across the Pacific Theater. Contributed to strategic planning and execution during key battles. Oversaw troops and resources in a challenging wartime environment until the end of the conflict.
Continue ReadingHélène de Pourtalès
Competed in sailing events during the early 20th century. Achieved prominence at the 1900 Summer Olympics in Paris, becoming the first woman to win an Olympic gold medal in sailing. Participated in the 1900 Olympic sailing events, where her team secured victory in the 1 to 2 ton sailing class. Active in the sport for many years, contributing to the development of women in competitive sailing.
Continue ReadingAugust von Mackensen
A prominent German field marshal, held significant military positions during World War I. Commanded German forces in several key campaigns, including the successful Siege of Przemysl and the Battle of Tannenberg. His strategic skills were evident during the campaign in the Eastern Front, leading to notable victories against Russian troops. Later, played a crucial role in the 1916 offensive in Romania, securing a decisive victory. After the war, continued to influence German military thought and development until retirement.
Continue ReadingJerome Kern
Born in 1885, the American composer and songwriter significantly contributed to the development of musical theatre. Kern is recognized for blending traditional American music with jazz and other styles, creating a foundation for modern musicals. His work in the early 20th century reshaped the landscape of Broadway, with a focus on integrating songs and storytelling. Kern's collaboration with prominent lyricists resulted in timeless scores for various productions.
Continue ReadingFrank Chapman
An American ornithologist, photographer, and author contributed significantly to the study of birds and their habitats. Efforts involved extensive field research and the promotion of bird conservation. Chapman served as curator of birds at the American Museum of Natural History. Publications include significant works such as 'The Bird-Lore' magazine and 'The Handbook of Birds of Eastern North America', providing comprehensive guides for bird identification. Chapman was a founding member of the Audubon Society, advocating for the protection of birds and their environments.
Continue Reading