Born in 1859
Alfred Dreyfus
Born in 1859, this French military officer served as a captain in the French Army. In 1894, he was wrongfully convicted of treason, primarily due to anti-Semitic sentiments prevalent in France at the time. The case became a major political scandal, leading to widespread public debate over injustice, nationalism, and social values in France. The affair prompted significant public protests and involvement from prominent intellectuals, aiming to overturn the conviction. Eventually, in 1906, a court of appeals exonerated him, restoring his rank and name. The Dreyfus Affair had lasting effects on French society and politics, influencing debates around civil rights and military conduct.
Continue ReadingChilde Hassam
Born in 1859, a painter and illustrator became a prominent figure in the American Impressionist movement. Developed a unique style characterized by vibrant colors and dynamic brushwork. Worked extensively in oil and watercolor, capturing urban scenes and landscapes. The Flags series, featuring American flags draped over buildings, became iconic representations of American patriotism during the late 19th and early 20th centuries. Later years included participation in various exhibitions and receiving accolades.
Continue ReadingHenri Bergson
Born in 1859, a prominent French philosopher focused on metaphysics and epistemology. Bergson's philosophical work emphasized intuition over intellect in understanding life and time. His major texts include "Time and Free Will," "Matter and Memory," and "Creative Evolution." The latter introduced the idea of evolution as a creative process, distinct from Darwinian theories. In 1927, awarded the Nobel Prize in Literature for the richness of his thought and guidance of humanity toward understanding its richer realities. His influence extended to various fields, including literature, psychology, and biology, impacting contemporary philosophers and intellectuals.
Continue ReadingJohn Dewey
Contributed significantly to education reform and philosophy, advocating for pragmatism and experiential learning. Developed the concept of 'learning by doing,' which emphasized the importance of practical experience in education. Served as a professor at the University of Chicago and Columbia University, markedly influencing educational theory and practice. Authored numerous works, including 'Democracy and Education,' which laid the groundwork for modern educational practices and philosophies.
Continue ReadingPrince Ludwig Ferdinand of Bavaria
Born into the royal family of Bavaria, served as a military officer in the German Army. Participated in the Franco-Prussian War as a volunteer, demonstrating commitment to his military duties. Later held various military leadership positions, contributing to the development of military strategies and training programs. Engaged in various cultural and philanthropic activities, fostering the arts and education within Bavaria.
Continue ReadingCharles Brantley Aycock
Served as the 50th Governor of North Carolina from 1901 to 1905. Focused on public education reform and was a proponent of educational initiatives during his term. Advocated for the establishment of a public school system that provided access to education for all children in the state. Engaged in efforts to improve infrastructure and promote economic development in North Carolina during his administration. Notable for his role in the political landscape of the early 20th century, particularly in relation to the Democratic Party of North Carolina.
Continue ReadingChristopher Hornsrud
Served as the 11th Prime Minister of Norway from January to February 1928, representing the Labour Party. Hornsrud's administration was notable for its focus on social reform and improving workers' rights. Participated in local politics before ascending to the national stage. Played a crucial role in shaping Labour Party policies that influenced Norwegian politics in the early 20th century.
Continue ReadingMikhail Ippolitov-Ivanov
A prominent figure in Russian music, contributed significantly to the development of Russian nationalistic compositions. Held the position of conductor and director of the Imperial Music College in Tiflis. Composed several operas, choral works, and symphonic pieces that integrated folk melodies into classical music forms. Works reflected the rich cultural heritage of Russia.
Continue ReadingCecil Sharp
A scholar focused on English folk music and dance, contributed significantly to the collection and preservation of traditional songs during the early 20th century. Conducted fieldwork, gathering thousands of folk songs across England. Published several collections and writings that educated future generations on the significance of folk traditions. Established the English Folk Dance Society and played a crucial role in the folk revival movement, ensuring the survival of numerous traditional songs.
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