What Happened This Year 1918
Historical Events from This Year 1918
Recognition of Finnish Independence by Major Powers
Following Finland's declaration of independence in December 1917, several countries officially recognized its sovereignty, including Russia, Sweden, Germany, and France. This recognition was pivotal for Finland's international status. The announcement came during a tumultuous period post-World War I, positioning Finland as a new player on the European political stage. The Finnish government saw this as a crucial endorsement of its existence, emphasizing the importance of diplomatic relations with these influential nations.
Continue ReadingWilson's Fourteen Points for Peace
U.S. President Woodrow Wilson presented his Fourteen Points for a sustainable peace. Announced in a speech to Congress, the points outlined principles for resolving World War I and preventing future conflicts. Wilson aimed to articulate American ideals and promote a vision for a world founded on democracy and self-determination. His proposals called for open diplomacy, freedom of the seas, disarmament, and the establishment of the League of Nations.
Continue ReadingThe Final Battle of the Indian Wars
The Battle of Bear Valley marked a significant clash between U.S. military forces and the last remnants of the American Indian resistance. Taking place in California, this confrontation saw a group of Modoc Indians led by Chief Kintpuash engaged against a combined U.S. force. The battle resulted from continuous encroachment on Native lands and escalating tensions. Though critically outnumbered, the Modocs fought fiercely against the intrusion that was emblematic of broader conflicts for survival and autonomy among Native American tribes.
Continue ReadingMinnie Pit Disaster in Staffordshire
A catastrophic coal mine explosion at the Minnie Pit in Halmer End, Staffordshire, resulted in the deaths of 155 miners, including boys as young as 14. The disaster, which occurred during a period of increased mining activity following World War I, was attributed to an accumulation of methane gas ignited by a spark. Rescue operations were hampered by the ongoing danger of further explosions, and the loss deeply affected the local community, which relied heavily on the mining industry for employment.
Continue ReadingFirst Battles of the Finnish Civil War Emerge
The Finnish Civil War saw its initial serious confrontations when the Red Guards, consisting mainly of the working class, clashed with the White Guard, a grouping of conservative and bourgeois forces. These conflicts occurred chiefly in southern Finland, notably in places like Tampere and Lahti. The Red Guards fought for a socialist regime, while the White Guard aimed to establish a government aligned with Finland's independence from Russia. This turbulence marked the beginning of an intense struggle for control over the country’s political future.
Continue ReadingRussia Adopts the Gregorian Calendar
The Council of People's Commissars in Russia mandated the adoption of the Gregorian calendar, transitioning from the Julian calendar, which had been in use since the establishment of the calendar system. This decision, effective February 14, aimed to align Russia with the modern practices of the West as the country underwent significant reforms following the Bolshevik Revolution.
Continue ReadingUkrainian People's Republic declares independence
On January 25, 1918, the Ukrainian People's Republic proclaimed its independence from Soviet Russia. The decision was fueled by the desire for self-determination following the chaos of World War I and the Russian Revolution. The Central Rada, the governing body, sought to establish Ukrainian sovereignty and implemented various reforms to emphasize national identity. This declaration marked a crucial step in the effort to create a distinct Ukrainian nation-state amidst the backdrop of turmoil in Eastern Europe.
Continue ReadingEstablishment of Finnish Defence Forces
The Finnish Defence Forces were formally established, appointing Baron Carl Gustav Emil Mannerheim as the Commander-in-Chief. This formation marked a critical step in solidifying Finland's military structure after declaring independence from Russia. The military functioned as the White Guards and played a significant role during the subsequent Civil War. This move underscored Finland's commitment to maintaining sovereignty and order during a period of national upheaval.
Continue ReadingRed Guards Signal War from Helsinki Workers' Hall
On January 26, 1918, members of the Red Guards ascended the tower of the Helsinki Workers' Hall, hanging a red lantern to symbolize the beginning of the Finnish Civil War. This act was significant in itself, marking the moment distinct factions within Finland were preparing for conflict. The red lantern was a potent emblem representing the socialist movement, encompassing the hopes and struggles of the working class as Finland faced deep social divisions and an emerging conflict between the Red Guards and White factions opposing them.
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